CO₂e and other pollutants emissions by energy-intensive industries as a % of industry total, EU-27, 2023

‘Energy supply’ includes emissions during the production and distribution of fuels, electricity and heat (see annex for details). The share of Cu emissions shown in Figure 1 is likely underestimated. Most non-ferrous metals (NFMs) other than aluminium were not included in the data set. Including the omitted NFMs could increase Cu’s share from around 10% to about 16%. If additional sectoral categories had been included in the data set — such as ‘other product use’, which includes both residential and industrial activities — the share of Cu could go up to around 40%, highlighting that some pollutant categories may be underrepresented in the categorisation of energy-intensive industries for this briefing. The data on energy-intensive industries include emissions from auto-generation of energy and process emissions. They exclude upstream emissions from energy purchased elsewhere and downstream emissions, including from transport and handling of goods. See annex for the scope of activity categories included.