Table 1. Recycling, landfill and incineration rates for municipal waste and key policy instruments used

Recycling, landfill and incineration rates refer to 2020, other than for Bulgaria, Greece and Spain, which refer to 2019. The assessment of the policy instruments, namely the use of landfill taxes or bans, incineration taxes, pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) systems and bio-waste collection, was based on their status in spring 2022. The colours indicate the extent to which the policy instruments were implemented by each Member State. See Technical note for a more detailed explanation of the colour codes. Data might not be fully comparable across all Member States given the ongoing transition to the new reporting rules defined by the EU Waste Framework Directive. Sweden had an incineration tax until 2022.