Magnitude of emission reductions (percentage) required by EU Member States to meet their emission reduction commitments for 2030 onwards, based on 2024 data

Information is based on data provided by Member States in 2026 relating to 2024; and has not yet been reviewed by the EC. Estimates are subject to change in relation to the results of the NEC Directive inventory review.

This assessment takes Ireland’s flexibility application into account, which is a resubmission of a previously approved application in relation to NMVOCs and covers the years 2005 and 2024. NEC Directive (Article 5(1)) establishes a process that allows Member States to adjust their emission inventories downwards for compliance checking. This can happen when failure to comply with the national emission reduction commitments is due to Member States having applied improved emission inventory methods, which have been updated to reflect scientific knowledge developed since the reduction commitments were originally set. NH₃, ammonia; NMVOCs, non-methane volatile organic compounds; NO_x, nitrogen oxides; PM_2.5, fine particulate matter; SO₂, sulphur dioxide.