Trends in EU emissions of NH3, NMVOCs, NOx, SO2, primary PM2.5, primary PM10, BC and CO, between 2005 and 2023

The annual GDP of the EU-27 from 2005 to 2023 is expressed as a percentage relative to the 2005 GDP level (set at 100%). Figures are based on real GDP, adjusted for inflation.

Primary PM refers to solid or liquid particles directly emitted into the air. NH₃, ammonia. NMVOCs, non-methane volatile organic compounds. NO_x, nitrogen oxides. PM_2.5, fine particulate matter. SO₂, sulphur dioxide. BC, black carbon. PM₁₀, particulate matter. GDP, gross domestic product.