Mortality attributable to long-term exposure to ozone in 2023

The map shows, for each country, the number of deaths, deaths rate, number of years of life lost and years of life lost rate attributable in 2023 to exposure to ozone concentrations above the 2021 World Health Organization peak season level of 60µg/m³.

Units

Number of attributable deaths, number of attributable deaths per 100,000 inhabitants aged 25 or above, number of attributable years of life lost, number of attributable years of life lost per 100,000 inhabitants aged 25 or above.

Additional information

The colours and the legend corresponds to the years of life lost rate.
Clicking on a Member State links to a fiche with additional information for ozone at national level on long-term trends, precursors emissions, sector apportionment and transboundary contributions and projections on ozone levels for 2050.

Methodology

More information on the methodology can be found in the EEA briefing Harm to human health from air pollution in Europe: burden of disease status, 2025 and in the ETC HE Report 2025/8: Assessing the environmental burden of disease related to air pollution in Europe in 2023 (https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-he/products/etc-he-products/etc-he-reports/etc-he-report-2025-8-assessing-the-environmental-burden-of-disease-related-to-air-pollution-in-europe-in-2023)

Harm to human health from air pollution in Europe: burden of disease status, 2025

Addressing ground level ozone pollution in Europe

Mortality attributable to long-term exposure to ozone in 2023

Related content

References and footnotes