Data and maps

Emissions, allowances, surplus and prices in the EU ETS, 2005-2020

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* Emissions from combustion installations (Activity Code 20) ** Thermal electricity generation from other sources (e.g. oil, renewables, waste) are not shown here. *** No data available on electricity generation for Iceland and Liechtenstein

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This figure shows a time series of carbon emissions under the EU ETS for the main activity codes.

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The Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) No 406/2009/EC establishes annual greenhouse gas emission targets for Member States for the period 2013–2020. These targets concern emissions from most sectors not included in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), such as transport, buildings, agriculture and waste. Emissions from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international shipping are not included. Every year, the EEA coordinates the ESD review of Member States’ greenhouse gas inventories, so that the European Commission can determine compliance with the annual ESD targets on the basis of accurate, reliable and verified emission data. Review reports and final ESD emissions are published by the European Commission. ESD emissions for the period 2005–2012 and for the latest year ("Y-1") are estimated by EEA on the basis of national GHG inventory data and ETS emissions.

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This dataset contains the location and administrative data for the largest industrial complexes in Europe, releases and transfers of regulated substances to all media, waste transfers as well as more detailed data on energy input and emissions for large combustion plants. These data are reported to EEA under Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU Commission Implementing Decision 2018/1135 and the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 Commission Implementing Decision 2019/1741. The dataset brings together data formerly reported separately under E-PRTR Regulation Art.7 and under IED Art.72. Additional reporting requirements under the IED are also included.

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The map shows the number of premature deaths (PDs) attributed to PM2.5 in 2019 at NUTS3 level for European countries. The PDs, which in absolute terms are higher for those NUTS3 level regions with the highest populations, have been normalised by 100,000 inhabitants, to make the numbers comparable among regions.

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Left panel: Observed annual mean temperature change from 1960 to 2020 calculated from the E-OBS dataset. Right pannels: - Left map: Projected temperature change between the WMO reference period 1981–2010 and the end of the 21st century (period 2081–2100) under the scenario SSP1-2.6. - Right map: Projected temperature change between the WMO reference period 1981–2010 and the end of the 21st century (period 2081–2100) under the scenario SSP5-8.5.

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NEW MOBILE APP AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD --- How clean is the air you’re breathing right now? How does the air in your city compare with that of a neighbouring city or region? Air pollution is the single largest environmental health risk in Europe. The European Environment Agency's European Air Quality Index allows users to understand more about air quality where they live. Displaying up-to-the-minute data for the whole of Europe, users can gain new insights into the air quality of individual countries, regions and cities.

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The urban waste water treatment map shows the most recently reported information on the implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD). It is based on data from 2018 in EU-28 countries plus Iceland and Norway, which were reported by countries in 2020.

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EU legislation has led to improvements in air quality, with the percentage of urban citizens exposed to pollutant levels above standards set to protect human health falling between 2000 and 2019. However, poor air quality remains a problem: in 2019, 21% of citizens were exposed to O 3 and 10% to PM 10  levels above EU standards. This is mainly because of emissions from transport and buildings, but also from agriculture and industry. Without radical changes to mobility, energy and food systems and industry, it is unlikely that air quality targets will be met in the near future.

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Historical greenhouse gas emissions from the EU buildings sector show a decreasing trend since 2005. This is the result of the implementation of higher standards for new buildings, measures to increase energy efficiency in existing buildings (e.g. through changing of heating systems, thermal insulation and more efficient heating systems), measures to decarbonise the electricity sector but also warmer temperatures. These reductions were partly offset by the increase in dwellings and by a larger average floor area in buildings. The trend in reducing emissions is expected to continue in the future, but a very strong increase in the renovation rate is needed to meet the overall EU 2030 emissions target.

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Europe's biodiversity continues to be shaped by human activity. Pressures to habitats and species remain high and more than 67 000 individual pressures have been reported at the EU level.

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Europe's biodiversity continues to be shaped by human activity. Pressures to habitats and species remain high and more than 67 000 individual pressures have been reported at the EU level.

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The EEA's latest 'State of nature in the EU' report shows alarming results from the 2013-2018 reporting period. Many species and habitats in Europe face an uncertain future unless urgent action is taken to reverse the situation.

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EU legislation has led to improvements in air quality, with the percentage of urban citizens exposed to pollutant levels above standards set to protect human health falling between 2000 and 2019. However, poor air quality remains a problem: in 2019, 21% of citizens were exposed to O 3 and 10% to PM 10  levels above EU standards. This is mainly because of emissions from transport and buildings, but also from agriculture and industry. Without radical changes to mobility, energy and food systems and industry, it is unlikely that air quality targets will be met in the near future.

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Historical greenhouse gas emissions from the EU buildings sector show a decreasing trend since 2005. This is the result of the implementation of higher standards for new buildings, measures to increase energy efficiency in existing buildings (e.g. through changing of heating systems, thermal insulation and more efficient heating systems), measures to decarbonise the electricity sector but also warmer temperatures. These reductions were partly offset by the increase in dwellings and by a larger average floor area in buildings. The trend in reducing emissions is expected to continue in the future, but a very strong increase in the renovation rate is needed to meet the overall EU 2030 emissions target.

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Through its land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities, the EU currently removes a net total of 249 Mt CO 2 e from the atmosphere every year, equivalent to 7% of its annual greenhouse gas emissions. The sector will play a crucial role in helping the EU achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Doing so will require reversing the current decreasing trend of the EU's  carbon sink . According to national projections from EU Member States, current measures in place will not be sufficient to achieve this, with an average removal of 200 Mt CO 2 e per year in 2030. However, implementing the national measures currently at planning stage could increase the current EU carbon sink by 3%.

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This figure shows a time series of carbon emissions under the EU ETS for the main activity codes.

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NEW MOBILE APP AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD --- How clean is the air you’re breathing right now? How does the air in your city compare with that of a neighbouring city or region? Air pollution is the single largest environmental health risk in Europe. The European Environment Agency's European Air Quality Index allows users to understand more about air quality where they live. Displaying up-to-the-minute data for the whole of Europe, users can gain new insights into the air quality of individual countries, regions and cities.

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The urban waste water treatment map shows the most recently reported information on the implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD). It is based on data from 2018 in EU-28 countries plus Iceland and Norway, which were reported by countries in 2020.

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We all want to know the quality of 'our' local bathing area, beach or lake, and whether it conforms to EU standards. Below you will find a map viewer that will allow you to view on-line the quality of the bathing water in the more than 22 000 coastal beaches and freshwater bathing waters across Europe.

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The map shows the number of premature deaths (PDs) attributed to PM2.5 in 2019 at NUTS3 level for European countries. The PDs, which in absolute terms are higher for those NUTS3 level regions with the highest populations, have been normalised by 100,000 inhabitants, to make the numbers comparable among regions.

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Left panel: Observed annual mean temperature change from 1960 to 2020 calculated from the E-OBS dataset. Right pannels: - Left map: Projected temperature change between the WMO reference period 1981–2010 and the end of the 21st century (period 2081–2100) under the scenario SSP1-2.6. - Right map: Projected temperature change between the WMO reference period 1981–2010 and the end of the 21st century (period 2081–2100) under the scenario SSP5-8.5.

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Climate change assessment of the Fire Weather Index (FWI) aggregated component, computed daily from 1980 to 2100 for five models (see Table 4 of de Rigo et al., 2017 https://doi.org/10.2760/13180 ). The daily FWI is computed for each scenario realisation based on a corresponding model. The entire time series has been estimated (from the end of the control period, the scenario RCP8.5 has been used) and the 90 % quantile of each time period has been computed. The median of the five model ensemble is shown for each period.

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Emissions, allowances, surplus and prices in the EU ETS, 2005-2020

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* Emissions from combustion installations (Activity Code 20) ** Thermal electricity generation from other sources (e.g. oil, renewables, waste) are not shown here. *** No data available on electricity generation for Iceland and Liechtenstein

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Peak and 2100 concentrations of total greenhouse gases in the atmosphere consistent with a 67% probability of keeping the average global temperature increase below 1.5°C (left) and 2°C (right) are shown. The periods within which peak concentrations could be exceeded are shown by purple arrows, based on the trend of the past 10 years in total greenhouse gas concentrations and without allowing for a temperature overshoot (based on IPCC, 2019)

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