Burden of disease 2023 – Table 3

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Harm to human health from air pollution in Europe: burden of disease 2023

This content is part of the Air quality in Europe 2023 package.

Table 3. Years of life lost (YLL) and the YLL per 100,000 inhabitants attributable to exposure to PM2.5, NO2 and O3, 2021

	PM_2.5		NO₂		O₃
Country	YLL	YLL/100,000	YLL	YLL/100,000	YLL	YLL/100,000
Austria	32,300	362	8,500	95	4,900	55
Belgium	47,200	409	12,600	109	3,000	26
Bulgaria	99,800	1,443	20,300	294	4,400	63
Croatia	37,200	921	3,700	91	3,400	83
Cyprus	6,700	536	2,600	206	1,000	82
Czechia	86,300	822	9,500	90	6,000	57
Denmark	13,000	223	460	8	1,500	25
Estonia	1,100	84	100	7	380	28
Finland	1,700	31	330	6	1,100	20
France	214,200	327	52,700	81	26,600	41
Germany	333,000	400	98,900	119	36,000	43
Greece	98,000	918	20,800	195	11,400	107
Hungary	112,400	1,155	18,400	189	9,200	94
Ireland	5,500	110	800	16	850	17
Italy	415,400	701	100,300	169	46,700	79
Latvia	14,300	755	1,300	69	750	40
Lithuania	21,800	779	2,000	73	1,300	48
Luxembourg	890	140	420	66	140	22
Malta	2,200	426	110	21	350	68
Netherlands	59,000	338	18,300	105	4,700	27
Poland	519,000	1,372	45,700	121	21,900	58
Portugal	20,700	211	5,400	55	4,600	47
Romania	213,300	1,111	52,800	275	11,500	60
Slovakia	57,900	1,060	4,200	76	3,700	68
Slovenia	11,500	543	1,600	74	1,400	67
Spain	153,600	340	49,700	110	25,400	56
Sweden	5,900	57	370	4	2,100	20

Albania	37,000	1,308	3,100	109	3,600	127
Andorra	210	272	110	138	20	31
Bosnia and Herzegovina	80,600	2,107	5,000	130	4,200	109
Iceland	10	4	10	2	60	16
Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99	26,200	1,459	2,900	163	1,900	104
Liechtenstein	90	233	40	95	20	49
Monaco	130	345	60	164	30	84
Montenegro	9,600	1,549	490	79	740	119
North Macedonia	43,800	2,115	3,500	169	1,800	88
Norway	4,100	76	900	17	810	15
San Marino	190	537	30	75	20	66
Serbia	133,200	1,938	14,600	212	6,800	99
Switzerland	17,700	204	6,100	71	3,600	42
Türkiye			171,500	205	41,300	49

EU-27	2,584,000	584	532,000	120	234,000	53
EEA-32 (excluding TK)	2,606,000	570
EEA-32			710,000	131	280,000	52
All countries (excluding TK)	2,936,000	618
All countries			740,000	132	299,000	54

Notes: The first group of countries correspond to the EU-27 and they are in alphabetical order. The rest are presented underneath, starting with Albania.

YLLs are rounded for every country to the nearest hundred if the number is above 1,000 and to the nearest ten if the number is below 1,000.

YLLs are rounded (once the unrounded national totals have been added) to the nearest thousand for EU-27, EEA-32 and all countries.

YLL/100,000 inhabitants are calculated from the unrounded YLL values and then rounded to the next integer.

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Geographic coverage

Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99) Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey

For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/harm-to-human-health-from-air-pollution/table-3 or scan the QR code.

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