Environmental indicator report 2013

Publication Created 19 Nov 2013 Published 20 Nov 2013
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Natural resources and human well-being in a green economy. This report extends the analysis of the green economy, focusing on the environmental pressures associated with resource use patterns and their impact on human health and well-being. Mapping the diverse connections between environmental change and human health impacts involves considerable conceptual complexities, and relies on a relatively fragmented evidence base.

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Data visualisations

National energy consumption by fuel National energy consumption by fuel
Final energy consumption by sector Final energy consumption by sector
Trends in total energy intensity, gross domestic product and total energy consumption Trends in total energy intensity, gross domestic product and total energy consumption
Gross inland energy consumption by fuel Gross inland energy consumption by fuel
Comparison of average gross nitrogen balances Comparison of average gross nitrogen balances
Proportion of overweight and obese adults by educational level, males Proportion of overweight and obese adults by educational level, males Three education levels per country, male
Proportion of overweight and obese adults by educational level, females Proportion of overweight and obese adults by educational level, females Three education levels per country, females
Net change in pesticide use Net change in pesticide use Bar graph showing net change in pesticide use per country (percentage change in tonnes of active ingredients)
Change in use of nitrogenous fertilisers Change in use of nitrogenous fertilisers Bar graph showing changes per country over time.
Estimated consumption of manufactured fertilisers Estimated consumption of manufactured fertilisers
Per capita EU-27 consumption of meat, fish and dairy (by weight) Per capita EU-27 consumption of meat, fish and dairy (by weight) Line graph of changes over time in consumption per capita for poultry, cheese, fish and seafood, milk, meat, pork and beef (index: 1995 = 100)
Inland bathing water quality in the European Union Inland bathing water quality in the European Union
Coastal bathing water quality. Coastal bathing water quality.
Percentage of urban population resident in areas where pollutant concentrations are higher than selected limit/target values Percentage of urban population resident in areas where pollutant concentrations are higher than selected limit/target values The rationale for selection of pollutant and corresponding limit/target values for CSI 004 is given in the justification for indicator selection. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Greece and Malta, are not included due to the geographical coverage of the Urban Audit.
EU production of cereals EU production of cereals Trend lines graphs for cereal production (100 million tonnes), yield (tonnes/ha.) and area harvested (10 million hectares)
Percentage of the EU urban population exposed to air pollution exceeding WHO air quality guidelines Percentage of the EU urban population exposed to air pollution exceeding WHO air quality guidelines The figure shows percentage of the EU urban population exposed to air pollution exceeding WHO air quality guidelines
Changes in wastewater treatment in regions of Europe, 1990–2012 Changes in wastewater treatment in regions of Europe, 1990–2012

Figures used

Changes in wastewater treatment in regions of Europe between 1990 and 2012 Changes in wastewater treatment in regions of Europe between 1990 and 2012 This figure illustrates the percentage population per European region connected to a waste water collection and treatment systems (UWWTPs) over the period 1980 to 2012. In addition, a breakdown by treatment type is portrayed. Numbers in brackets indicate number of countries in the aggregations.
Indicative map of combined environmental challenges related to land use Indicative map of combined environmental challenges related to land use The map captures some of the complexity of the multiple demands on land resources, with urban sprawl, agricultural intensification and land abandonment exerting pressures on biodiversity and water resources.
Summaries the overall picture of the energy system in the EU (Mtoe) Summaries the overall picture of the energy system in the EU (Mtoe) The figure is a Sankey diagram which shows the composition of the primary energy entering the energy system of the EU-27 in 2011, and where this primary energy was used, either as losses or as consumption by specific sectors of the economy.
Proportion of classified water bodies in different RBDs affected by pollution pressures, for rivers and lakes (left panel) and for coastal and transitional waters (right panel) Proportion of classified water bodies in different RBDs affected by pollution pressures, for rivers and lakes (left panel) and for coastal and transitional waters (right panel) The percentage is based on total number of classified water bodies. See the indicator specification for more details.
Trends in total energy intensity, gross domestic product and total energy consumption, EU-27 Trends in total energy intensity, gross domestic product and total energy consumption, EU-27 The figure shows the trends in total energy intensity, gross domestic product and total energy consumption.
Agriculture and land cover change 2000 - 2006 Agriculture and land cover change 2000 - 2006 Based on Corine Land Cover 2006 and changes between 2000 and 2006, the map shows the distribution and intensity of selected Land Cover Flows (LCF) in agricultural area.
The level of green areas inside and around cities, 2006 The level of green areas inside and around cities, 2006 The map shows the relation of green urban areas to the green background, i.e. it compares the mean value of green background of the city surroundings with the mean values of green urban areas of the core cities, both in [%]. Results are represented by points of different colours.
Water abstractions for irrigation, manufacturing industry, energy cooling and Public Water Supply (million m3/year) in early 1990s and the period 1997-2007 Water abstractions for irrigation, manufacturing industry, energy cooling and Public Water Supply (million m3/year) in early 1990s and the period 1997-2007 For countries included in the regions see Fig. 3 to Fig. 6 Turkey is plotted on an individual column in this graph to depict the large increase in agricultural water use, and to avoid the projection of this trend/effect on the Southern countries trend.
Net land-cover changes 2000–2006 in Europe – total area change in hectares and percentage change Net land-cover changes 2000–2006 in Europe – total area change in hectares and percentage change The figure shows the net land-cover changes 2000–2006 in Europe, total area change in hectares and percentage change.
Approximate distribution of HNV farmland in EU-27 Approximate distribution of HNV farmland in EU-27 -
Percentage of classified water bodies in different river basin districts (RBDs) affected by pollution pressures, for rivers and lakes (top panel) and for coastal and transitional waters (bottom panel) Percentage of classified water bodies in different river basin districts (RBDs) affected by pollution pressures, for rivers and lakes (top panel) and for coastal and transitional waters (bottom panel) The percentage is based on total number of classified water bodies. See the indicator specification for more details.
Total ammonium concentrations in rivers between 1992 and 2011 in different geographical regions of Europe Total ammonium concentrations in rivers between 1992 and 2011 in different geographical regions of Europe The data series per region are calculated as the average of the annual mean for river monitoring stations in the region. Only complete series after inter/extrapolation are included (see indicator specification). The number of river monitoring stations included per geographical region is given in parentheses. If data on total ammonium are not available, data on ammonium are included into the data series.
BOD5 concentrations in rivers between 1992 and 2011 in different geographical regions of Europe BOD5 concentrations in rivers between 1992 and 2011 in different geographical regions of Europe The data series per region are calculated as the average of the annual mean for river monitoring stations in the region. Only complete series after inter/extrapolation are included (see indicator specification). The number of river monitoring stations included per geographical region is given in parentheses. BOD7 data has been recalculated into BOD5 data.

News and articles

A Europe to thrive in – environment, health and well-being A Europe to thrive in – environment, health and well-being The project on Foresighted Reasoning on Environmental Stressors and Health (FRESH) ran from 2013 to 2014 and investigated the frameworks and evidence base for undertaking integrated assessments of environmental health and well-being.
Europe’s agriculture: how to make food affordable, healthy and ‘green’ Europe’s agriculture: how to make food affordable, healthy and ‘green’ To produce food in sufficient quantities, Europe relies on intensive agriculture, which impacts the environment and our health. Can Europe find a more environment-friendly way to produce food? We asked this question to Ybele Hoogeveen who is leading a group at the European Environment Agency working on the impact of resource use on the environment and human well-being.
Competing demands on Europe's environment undermining human well-being Competing demands on Europe's environment undermining human well-being Meeting European demands for food, water, energy and housing exerts major pressures on the environment, indirectly affecting human health and well-being. To reduce the impact of Europe's resource use, a new assessment from the European Environment Agency (EEA) reflects on integrating different policy areas and improved spatial planning.

Related briefings

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See also

Resource efficiency Resource efficiency Resource efficiency is essential if we aim to produce more from less input, use resources in a sustainable way, and manage them more efficiently throughout their life cycle. Resource efficiency is one of the core elements necessary to create a green economy in Europe and further afield, alongside waste prevention and recycling efforts, and more sustainable production and consumption patterns.
References and additional information References and additional information
Resource efficiency Resource efficiency Resource efficiency is essential if we aim to produce more from less input, use resources in a sustainable way, and manage them more efficiently throughout their life cycle. Resource efficiency is one of the core elements necessary to create a green economy in Europe and further afield, alongside waste prevention and recycling efforts, and more sustainable production and consumption patterns.

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For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environmental-indicator-report-2013 or scan the QR code.

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