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9. PROPOSED LAKE/RESERVOIR MONITORING NETWORK
9.1 Introduction
Most of 400,000 lakes in the EEA area are in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The majority has a surface area less than 0.1 km2 (Table 9.1). Lake water depth is also an important parameter with which to characterise the lake environment. It is largely determined by the surrounding topography, lakes in mountainous regions generally being deeper than lowland areas. In lowland countries (e.g. Finland) the majority of lakes have a mean depth less than 10 m. In Austria, in contrast, large shallow lakes, with one exception (Lake Neusiedel) are absent, and most lakes have a mean depth greater than 25 m. As with natural lakes, the deepest reservoirs are located in valleys in mountainous regions.
Table 9.1 Number of lakes in the EEA countries
Country |
Surface area(km2) |
||||
0.01-0.1 |
0.1-1 |
1-10 |
10-100 |
>100 |
Austria |
some hundreds |
19 |
7 |
2 |
|
Belgium |
only a few lakes |
||||
Denmark |
354 |
256 |
74 |
6 |
0 |
Finland |
40,309 |
13,114 |
2,283 |
279 |
47 |
France |
NI |
128 |
23 |
1 |
|
Germany |
NI |
NI |
~100 |
~20 |
2 |
Greece |
NI |
NI |
NI |
>16 |
1 |
Iceland |
7000 |
1650 |
176 |
17 |
0 |
Ireland |
NI |
NI |
~100 |
14 |
3 |
Italy |
NI |
>168 |
>82 |
13 |
5 |
Luxembourg |
NI |
NI |
NI |
NI |
NI |
Netherlands |
NI |
NI |
NI |
47 |
3 |
Norway |
208,000 |
2,000 |
450 |
7 |
|
Portugal |
NI |
NI |
NI |
NI |
NI |
Spain |
NI |
NI |
NI |
800 |
|
Sweden |
59,500 |
19,374 |
3,990 |
358 |
22 |
United Kingdom -England and Wales -Scotland -Northern Ireland |
1,665 |
50 |
2 |
0
1 |
EEA area first estimate |
~300,000 |
~100,000 |
~15,000 |
~2,000 |
~100 |
Note
NI No information at present
9.2 General surveillance network
It is proposed that there would be a general surveillance network (Table 9.2) which would comprise:
3. The largest and most important lakes in the EEA area, equating to around 200 water bodies. There are approximately 100 water bodies with a surface area greater than 100 km2. In addition, the most important or well-known lakes/reservoirs in each country should be included (for example, lake Windermere, Loch Ness, Lake Lugano).
In addition, there may be a need for a specific cause/effect network to assess specific problems such as acidification and eutrophication. This would be made up of a subset of reference lakes and impacted lakes in specific areas. The need for such a specific lake network should be assessed during the pilot implementation.
9.3 Sampling frequency CE="ARIAL" SIZE=2>
Austria
83,855
24
20
2
46
Belgium
30,519
9
12
0
21
Denmark
43,092
12
10
0
22
Finland
338,145
97
35
47
179
France
547,026
155
123
1
279
Germany
357,000
102
141
2
245
Greece
131,957
38
22
1
61
Iceland
103,000
29
NI
0
at least 29
Ireland
70,285
20
14
3
37
Italy
301,268
86
116
5
207
Luxembourg
2,586
1
1
0
2
Netherlands
41,864
12
17
3
32
Norway
324,219
93
33
7
133
Portugal
91,949
25
23
NI
48
Spain
504,782
144
92
NI
236
Sweden
449,964
117
49
22
188
United Kingdom
244,103
70
82
1
153
EEA Area |
3,665,614 |
1005 |
790 |
94 |
1889* |
Note
NI No information at present
* Excluding the most important lakes in each country
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9167-023-5/page012.html or scan the QR code.
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