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The indicator shows the trend in total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding those from the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector. For comparison, two index lines (1990 value = 100) are included: the first refers to country specific emissions, while the second expresses total EU emissions.
Malta’s total GHG emission profile is characterised by an overall increase between 1990 and 2012. This includes a peak in 2003 and a subsequent general decrease until 2016, followed by a general increase. GHG emissions per capita remained fairly stable between 1990 and 2012, after which there was a significant decline. This results from a general decrease in emissions, which is more significant than the high level of demographic change seen in this period. Net emissions reached a high of 8.32t CO2eq/capita in 1993 and a low of 4.02t CO2eq/capita in 2016, . The observed increase in national total GHG emissions between 2016 and 2023 may be the result of the increase in population.
Carbon emissions are the highest contributor of GHG emissions. The shift from heavy fuel oil to gas in . Additional efforts are required to curb emissions. Long-term plans seek to reduce Malta’s dependency on fossil fuels by increasing energy efficiency in buildings and . The feasibility of offshore wind farms and further support for .
References and footnotes
- ↵Climate Action Authority, Malta’s national inventory of greenhouse gas emissions & removals, Marsa, 2025, accessed 24 June 2025, https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Malta_GHGInv%201990-2023_NID_Apr2025_Final.pdf.
- a bMinistry for the Environment, Climate Change and Planning (MECP), Malta Low Carbon Development Strategy, Valletta, 2021, accessed 24 June 2025, https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf.
- ↵Ministry for the Environment, Energy and Regeneration of the Grand Harbour (MEER) and the Energy and Water Agency (EWA), National policy for the deployment of offshore renewable energy, Qormi, 2024, accessed 24 June 2025, https://energywateragency.gov.mt/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/MEE-National-Policy-23_-DIGITAL-_final-5.pdf.
- ↵Government of Malta, Malta’s National Energy and Climate Plan, Valletta, 2024, accessed 24 June 2025, https://commission.europa.eu/publications/malta-final-updated-necp-2021-2030-submitted-2025_en.