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The indicator shows the trend in total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding those from the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector. For comparison, two index lines (1990 value = 100) are included: the first refers to country specific emissions, while the second expresses total EU emissions.
France’s net GHG emissions were estimated at 339 Mt CO₂eq in 2023. They have decreased by 35% since 1990 and fell by 8% between 2022 and 2023. Emissions remained stable between 1990 and 2005, then decreased until 2014, and slightly increased again between 2014 and 2017. Since 2018, except for 2021, emissions have been declining again to reach their lowest level in 2023.
Gross emissions in 2023 were from transport (33%), agriculture (21%), manufacturing industries and construction (19%), buildings (13%), the energy industry (9%) and waste (5%). The LULUCF sector absorbs 10% of gross emissions. Manufacturing industries and construction (– 70 Mt CO2eq), buildings (– 38 Mt CO2eq) and the energy industry (– 32 Mt CO2eq) were the main contributors to the reduction in emissions between 1990 and 2023.
Average annual emission reduction rates over 2019–2023 should be multiplied by a factor of around 1.3 between 2023 and 2030 to reach the EU targets, which are set at the national level, of 270 Mt CO2eq, excluding LULUCF.
References and footnotes
- a bEEA, ‘EEA greenhouse gases – Data viewer’, EEA website, 16 May 2025, accessed 16 June 2025, https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/maps-and-charts/greenhouse-gases-viewer-data-viewers.
- ↵Gouvernement Français, Projet de Stratégie nationale bas-carbone n°3 – Premières grandes orientations à l’horizon 2030 et enjeux à l’horizon 2050, 2024, https://concertation-strategie-energie-climat.gouv.fr/les-grands-enjeux-de-la-snbc-3.