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The indicator shows the trend in total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding those from the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector. For comparison, two index lines (1990 value = 100) are included: the first refers to country specific emissions, while the second expresses total EU emissions.
The total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2023, excluding those from the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector, amounted to 8 873 Gg of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq). The total national emissions excluding the LULUCF sector increased by 59.2% between 1990 and 2022. The energy sector, with 6 266 Gg CO2eq generated, continues to be the largest contributor to the total national GHG emissions, with 3 060 Gg CO2eq of these emissions arising from the production of electricity and 2 161 Gg CO2eq from transport.
During the 1990s, Cyprus’s gross domestic product growth became more volatile, revealing structural economic vulnerabilities, particularly its dependence on tourism and its limited diversification. This growth, unaccompanied by parallel investments in clean technologies, led to increased GHG emissions in electricity, transport and construction. A high reliance on oil-based energy, minimal public transport and carbon-intensive buildings further amplified emissions. Temporary decreases during crises like the 2013 Cypriot financial crisis and COVID-19 were cyclical, not structural. To align with EU climate goals, Cyprus must accelerate the shift to a low-carbon economy through renewable energy, energy efficiency, transport reform and economic diversification towards the creation of digital and green sectors. This is vital to decouple growth from emissions and support the 2050 climate neutrality objective.