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The indicator shows the trend in total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding those from the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector. For comparison, two index lines (1990 value = 100) are included: the first refers to country specific emissions, while the second expresses total EU emissions.
Following Bosnia and Herzegovina’s ratification of the UNFCCC in 2000, four national communications and three biennial reports were adopted. In 2017, the Paris Agreement was ratified and in 2021 the nationally determined contribution was adopted. By signing the Sofia Declaration on the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, Bosnia and Herzegovina committed itself to achieving climate neutrality by 2050.
The nationally determined contribution includes plans to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 33.2% by 2030, and 65.6% (conditional on more intensive international assistance for decarbonisation) by 2050, compared with 1990 levels. Bosnia and Herzegovina’s share of global GHG emissions is 0.05%, but its energy intensity is very high compared with those of the EU Member States. In 2014–2018, total CO2 emissions with sinks averaged 22 827.2 Gg CO2eq, while in 1990 it was 26 461.1 Gg CO2eq. Compared with 1990, total CO2 emissions without sinks decreased by 10.6% and 8.4% in 2017 and 2018, respectively.
The energy sector remains the main source of CO2 emissions, with a share of 80% (industry 9%, agriculture 6% and waste 6%) and has the highest potential for GHG emission reductions, as 70% of electricity is generated by coal-fired power plants.
References and footnotes
- ↵UNFCCC, ‘Conventions, protocols and agreements’, UNFCCC website, accessed 6 June 2025, https://www.unfccc.ba/en/.
- ↵World Resources Institute, ‘Climate Watch’, World Resources Institute website, accessed 6 June 2025, https://www.wri.org/initiatives/climate-watch.
- ↵GEF and UNDP, Third biennial update report on greenhouse gas emissions of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Sarajevo, 2022, https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TBUR%20BiH_Oct_%202022%20ENG.pdf.
- ↵UNFCCC, Nationally determined contribution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (NDC) for the period 2020–2030, Sarajevo, 2021, https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20BiH_November%202020%20FINAL%20DRAFT%2005%20Nov%20ENG%20LR.pdf.