Naturally occurring hazardous events and technological accidents are separate causes of environmental impacts. The information available on their occurrence and consequences is far from comprehensive (Box 18A) and, in particular, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the long-term environmental impacts of accidents. However, on the basis of data which are available from a range of sources, it is possible to indicate how these two kinds of events are different and why they need to be treated separately from other pressures. This chapter examines the characteristics and importance of accidents and natural hazards as causes of environmental impacts. It summarises their causes and consequences in Europe, identifying different types of damage which can result from different sources.

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