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Concentrations for the other regulated pollutants in 2024, in relation to the corresponding EU limit or target values, are presented below. No preliminary 2025 data are presented for carbon monoxide (CO) and benzene (C6H6) since their concentrations are normally below the EU standards. No 2025 data are presented for the metals because their monitoring is based on manual sampling and therefore they are not included in the UTD or near-real time reporting, which relies on automatic sampling (see the EEA’s Annex — Methodological approaches).

  • For CO, the EEA has received valid 2024 data from 36 of the reporting countries (excluding the Member State of Finland along with Albania and Liechtenstein). One station located in Germany reported concentrations above the current EU ALV (10 milligrams per cubic metre (mg/m3), maximum daily eight-hour mean). The 2030 ALV has remained the same and the situation is therefore the same as that presented against the current ALV. All the reporting stations had levels below the new 2030 DLV (4mg/m3, not to be exceeded on more than 18 days/year) in 2024.
  • For C6H6, the EEA has received valid 2024 data from all the EU-27 Member States and from Albania, Norway and Switzerland. No stations reported concentrations above the current EU ALV (5 µg/m3)). Six stations registered concentrations above the revised 2030 ALV (3.4µg/m3): three in Greece, two in Czechia and one in Belgium.
  • For arsenic, the EEA has received valid 2024 data from all the EU-27 Member States (except Portugal) and from Norway, Serbia and Switzerland. Five stations reported concentrations above the EU annual target value (ATV, 6ng/m3). They were located in four EU Member States (two in Belgium and one each in Finland, Germany and Spain). In addition to data collected from monitoring stations, countries can also use modelling applications to assess compliance with the standards. Based on these, Poland reported levels above the annual arsenic target value for two air quality zones.
  • For cadmium, the EEA has received valid 2024 data from all the EU-27 Member States (except Portugal) and also from Norway, Serbia and Switzerland. No stations reported concentrations above the EU ATV (5ng/m3).
  • For lead, the EEA has received valid 2024 data from all the EU-27 Member States (except Portugal) and from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Norway, Serbia and Switzerland. One station, located in Italy, reported concentrations above the EU ALV (0.5μg/m3). Data from Hungary, Malta and Bosnia and Herzegovina were not included in this analysis since they were considered outliers due to their high value (probably because of the use of wrong units).
  • For nickel, the EEA has received valid 2024 data from all the EU-27 Member States (except Portugal) and from Norway, Serbia and Switzerland. Four stations reported concentrations above the EU ATV (20ng/m3). They were located in Italy (two stations), Finland and France (one each).

Since the revised ALVs for arsenic, cadmium and nickel have not changed, but have been reclassified from target values to limit values and the ALV for lead remains the same at 0.5µg/m³, the analysis above can be applied to benchmark the results for those four pollutants against the 2030 air quality standards.