Assessment versions

Published (reviewed and quality assured)

• 19 Jul 2018, 11:54 AM
  - Population exposure to environmental noise

Rationale

Justification for indicator selection

Exposure to environmental noise can lead to annoyance, stress reactions, sleep disturbance, poor mental health and wellbeing, cognitive impairment in children as well as negative effects on the cardiovascular and metabolic system. Environmental noise causes approximately 16 600 premature deaths in Europe each year, with almost 32 million adults suffering from annoyance and over 13 million suffering sleep disturbance. The WHO has identified noise as the second most significant environmental cause of ill health in western Europe, the first being air pollution. The EU 7th EAP includes the objective of significantly decreasing noise pollution by 2020, moving closer to WHO recommended levels.

Scientific references

• No rationale references available

Indicator definition

This indicator presents the estimated number of people exposed to harmful levels of environmental noise from industry, roads with more than 3 million vehicles per year, railways with more than 30 000 railway movements per year, airports with more than 50 000 air traffic movements per year and in urban areas with more than 100 000 inhabitants.

Units

L_den: Long-term average indicator designed to assess annoyance and defined by the Environmental Noise Directive (END). It refers to an annual average day, evening and night period of exposure with an evening weighting of 5 dB(A) and a night weighting of 10 dB(A). 

L_night: Long-term average indicator defined by the END and designed to assess sleep disturbance. It refers to an annual average night period of exposure.

dB: Shortened reference to the decibel, a unit of measurement for sound.  

Policy context and targets

Context description

The END is the main EU instrument through which noise emissions are monitored and actions developed. It defines environmental noise as 'unwanted or harmful outdoor sound created by human activities, including noise emitted by means of transport, road traffic, rail traffic, air traffic and from sites of industrial activity'. It places an obligation on EU Member States to assess noise levels by producing strategic noise maps for all major roads, railways, airports and urban areas. Based on these noise-mapping results, Member States must prepare action plans containing measures that address noise issues and their effects for those areas where the specific END indicators (i.e. 55 dB averaged across the day, evening and night periods (L_den) and 50 dB averaged across the night period (L_night)) have been exceeded. The END neither sets limit values for noise exposure, nor prescribes measures for inclusion in the action plans. Finally, Member States are required to select and preserve areas of good acoustic environmental quality, referred to as quiet areas, in order to protect the European soundscape.

High noise levels are defined in the 7th EAP as noise levels for L_den above 55 dB and for L_night above 50 dB. During the night, environmental noise starting at L_night levels below 40 dB can cause negative effects on sleep to occur such as body movements, awakenings, self-reported sleep disturbance, and in addition, effects on the cardiovascular system that become apparent above 55 dB. All these impacts can contribute to a range of health outcomes, including premature mortality. The WHO has set a Night Noise Guideline level for Europe at 40 dB L_night.

Targets

The EU's current 7th EAP contains the objective that by 2020 noise pollution in the EU will have significantly decreased, moving closer to WHO recommended levels. In order to achieve this objective, an updated EU noise policy aligned with the latest scientific knowledge must be implemented along with measures to reduce noise at source, including improvements in city design. 

Related policy documents

No related policy documents have been specified

Methodology

Methodology for indicator calculation

This indicator is based on data reported by EEA member countries in accordance with Directive 2002/49/EC. 

Methodology for gap filling

The indicator is based on data officially reported by countries under the EU Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC). Due to gaps in the reported data, a gap-filling routine is used to estimate the total population exposure to high noise levels. A technical note to the EEA on forecasting ENDRM DF4_8 data to 2020, 2030 and 2050 (Extrium 2013) is accessible here.

Methodology references

No methodology references available.

Data specifications

EEA data references

• Reported data on noise exposure covered by Directive 2002/49/EC provided by Directorate-General for Environment (DG ENV) , European Environment Agency (EEA)

Data sources in latest figures

Uncertainties

Methodology uncertainty

Lack of a common assessment methodology means that comparability between datasets is not guaranteed. 

Data sets uncertainty

Data reported in accordance with Directive 2002/49/EC may not be complete.

Rationale uncertainty

No uncertainty has been specified