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Water intensity of crop production in Europe, 2007-2016

Figure Created 24 Mar 2022 Published 24 Mar 2022 Last modified 20 Jun 2022
1 min read
• Total water input is expressed in m3/ha and gross value added is expressed in purchasing power standard (PPS)/ha, where the area in ha represents the sum of arable land and land with permanent crops. The monetary unit being used (PPS) accounts for purchasing power differences among countries. Theoretically, one PPS can buy the same amount of goods and services in each country. • Water use intensity of crop production is classified at the regional level according to the quartile (Q) distribution of all time series (2005-2016): below Q1 (light blue) indicates a low water intensity of crop production; above Q3 (dark blue) indicates a high water intensity of crop production; and between Q1 and Q3 (mid-blue) indicates a moderate water intensity of crop production. • Regional groupings of EU Member States and the UK are based on UN Geoscheme — Standard M49: eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia), northern Europe (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Lithuania, Latvia, Sweden and the United Kingdom), southern Europe (Cyprus, Greece, Croatia, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain) and western Europe (Austria, Belgium, Germany, France, Luxembourg and the Netherlands). • Gap filling has been performed for certain years and countries: 2010 data have been used for 2011 Greece data; 2006 data have been used for 2007 Hungary data; 2005 data have been used for 2007 Luxembourg data; 2009 data have been used for 2010 Portugal data; 2015 data have been used for 2016 Sweden data.

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Ratio between total water input compared to gross value added gerenated from crop production 

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EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (https://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA).
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Based on data

External Data Spec UN Geoscheme - Standard M49
External Data Spec Gross Farm Income (SE410)
External Data Spec Economic accounts for agriculture - values at constant prices (2010 = 100) [aact_eaa07]
Data Soil moisture deficit during the vegetation growing season, annual time-series, 2000-2019 The dataset consists of a collection of annual soil moisture (SM) anomalies during the vegetation growing season (GS) for the years 2000-2019 across EEA 38 area and the United Kingdom. The vegetation growing season is defined by EEA´s phenology data series "Vegetation growing season length 2000-2016" [https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/annual-above-ground-vegetation-season]. The anomalies are calculated based on the European Commission's Joint Research Centre European Drought Observatory (EDO) Soil Moisture Index (SMI) with respect to the 1995–2019 base period. The yearly start and end of GS periods are dynamic and calculated according to the EEA Phenology Indicators. A positive anomaly indicates that the observed SM was wetter than the long-term SM average for the base period, while a negative anomaly indicates that the observed SM was drier than the reference value. Because SM anomalies are measured in units of standard deviation from the long-term SMI average, they can be used to compare annual deficits/surplus of SM between geographic regions. EDO is one of the early warning and monitoring systems of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service. As the dataset builds on EDO's SMI, it therefore contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information (2019).
External Data Spec Freshwater abstractions (OECD) Million m 3
External Data Spec Aquastat water database Water use - FAO Aquastat
External Data Spec Annual freshwater abstraction by source and sector (copyright-protected)
External Data Spec Water made available for use [env_wat_use]
External Data Spec Total Subsidies - excluding on investments (SE605) Subsidies on current operations linked to production (not investments). Payments for cessation of farming activities are therefore not included. Entry in the accounts is generally on the basis of entitlement and not receipt of payment, with a view to obtain coherent results (production/costs/subsidies) for a given accounting year.
External Data Spec Annual freshwater abstraction by source and sector [env_wat_abs]
External Data Spec Land use: number of farms and areas of different crops by agricultural size of farm (UAA) and NUTS 2 regions [ef_oluaareg]

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