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The indicator shows total economic losses from weather- and climate-related extreme events (such as windstorms, flooding, heatwaves, cold spells, droughts or wildfires) per country and per year (since 1980). A moving average for the previous 30 years is added because of the large interannual variability of the losses.
Climate-related disasters in Türkiye are increasing. Between 2010 and 2021, 8 274 meteorological disasters occurred. In 2021, record wildfires occurred, and 2024 saw the highest annual temperature in 54 years – 15.6 °C – 1.7 °C above the 1991–2020 average. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2022 report, Türkiye is one of the most vulnerable countries to extreme weather events in Europe. The Mediterranean region, including Türkiye, is expected to face severe droughts. Türkiye has analysed climate hazards – such as heatwaves, droughts, floods and forest fires – using high-resolution models under IPCC Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios for the 1971–2000 baseline and 2021–2100 projections. A national risk assessment was conducted for sectors including water, agriculture, biodiversity, urban planning, health and energy. Based on these results, the 2024–2030 climate change adaptation strategy and action plan was prepared. Ongoing projects update climate projections under new IPCC scenarios and improve model resolution. Local hazard analyses and sectoral assessments are expanded and supported through national and EU-funded initiatives.
References and footnotes
- ↵Turkish State Meteorological Service, ‘Türkiye Meteorolojik Afetler Değerlendirmesi (2010– 2021)’, 2022, accessed 14 August 2025, https://www.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/genel/raporlar/meteorolojikafetler2010-2021.pdf.
- ↵General Directorate of Forestry of Republic of Türkiye, ‘Orman Yangınları İle Mücadele Faaliyetleri 2021 Yılı Değerlendirme Raporu, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü 2021 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu’, 2022, https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane-sitesi/FaaliyetRaporu/2021%20-%20Orman%20Genel%20M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC%20Faaliyet%20Raporu.pdf.
- ↵Turkish State Meteorological Service, ‘Erken İklim Değerlendirmesi Raporu’, 2024, accessed 14 August 2025, https://mgm.gov.tr/FILES/iklim/yillikiklim/2024-iklim-raporu.pdf.
- ↵Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Cambridge University Press, 2022, accessed 14 August 2025, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/.
- ↵Ali, E., Cramer, W., Carnicer, J., Georgopoulou, E., Hilmi, N.J.M., Le Cozannet, G. et al., ‘Cross-Chapter Paper 5: Mediterranean Region’, in Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Cambridge University Press, 2022, accessed 14 August 2025, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/chapter/ccp4/.
- ↵Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment Urbanization and Climate Change: Directorate of Climate Change, ‘Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan (2024-2030)’, 2024, accessed 14 August 2025, https://iklim.gov.tr/db/turkce/icerikler/files/Uyum.pdf.