The indicator shows the number of annual premature deaths attributable to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) and the related zero-pollution action plan objective for 2030. Premature deaths are derived from a health risk assessment approach based on World Health Organization Europe recommendations measuring the general impact of air pollution across a given population.

References and footnotes

  1. a b
  2. Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections, ‘Gothenburg Protocol targets data viewer’, Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections website, accessed 12 June 2025, https://www.ceip.at/gothenburg-protocol/gp-targets-data-viewer-2.
  3. Castro, A., Künzli, N., de Hoogh, K., Kappeler, R., Kutlar Joss, M. et al., ‘Mortality attributable to ambient fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in Switzerland in 2019: Use of two-pollutant effect estimates’, Environmental Research, Vol. 231, Part 1, 2023, 116029, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935123008216?via%3Dihub.