Total waste generation

Total waste generation in North Macedonia showed a downward trend between 2010 and 2018, but generation had returned to almost 2010 levels by 2022 (see graph). This trend indicates that North Macedonia faces significant challenges in waste management, particularly in addressing the growing volume of municipal waste: according to national indicators, from 2010 to 2023 there was a 21.6% increase in total municipal waste generation. Some progress has been made in waste collection and disposal infrastructure, but the current system remains inadequate. Landfilling remains a primary method of waste disposal, with limited recycling and composting facilities. Reliance on landfilling contributes to environmental pollution, including soil and groundwater contamination, as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Illegal dumping also remains a problem, exacerbating the environmental impact of waste. The lack of proper waste segregation and inadequate public awareness campaigns contribute to low recycling rates. Considering the aspects above, we are far from reaching the goal of substantially reducing total waste generation. Nevertheless, we are developing a new strategy and plan for waste management. Existing waste legislation is thus imperative when aiming to improve waste management, and there is strong institutional support for accelerating new (EU-aligned) legal frameworks to substantially improve environmental protection.