Final energy consumption

Between 2000 and 2023, final energy consumption declined at an average annual rate of 0.4%, while, over the same period, gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 1.3% per year and the population by 0.5% per year on average. This partial decoupling of GDP from energy consumption is explained by gains in energy efficiency across all sectors, the tertiary nature of the economy and slower growth in household demand than GDP.

During this period, the share of fossil fuels in the energy mix decreased. The share of petroleum products decreased from 46% to 38%, that of natural gas from 21% to 18% and that of coal, excluding blast furnaces, from 1.6% to 0.4%. The mix is changing in favour of renewable energies (from 6% to 14%) and electricity (from 23% to 26%).

In 2023, with a third of final consumption, transport will be the biggest consumer sector. The residential sector accounts for 28% of final consumption, followed by industry (19%), the tertiary economy sector (14%), and agriculture and fishing (4%).