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You are here: Home / Data and maps / Datasets / National emissions reported to the UNFCCC and to the EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism

National emissions reported to the UNFCCC and to the EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism

Created : Nov 13, 2009 Published : Jun 11, 2010 Last modified : Nov 29, 2012 11:57 AM
Topics: ,
Data on greenhouse gas emissions and removals, sent by countries to UNFCCC and the EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism (EU Member States)

European data

National greenhouse gas inventories (IPCC Common Reporting Format sector classification)

[+] Show table definition (records:   394219)

Field name Field Definition Data type Primary key
Country_code International Country code (ISO 3166-1-Alpha-2 code elements) varchar(4) Yes
Pollutant_name Short name of pollutant varchar(40) Yes
Sector_code Sector code varchar(15) Yes
Year Year varchar(20) Yes
Country Country name varchar(53) No
Emissions Emission unit numeric(13) No
Format_name Name of guideline varchar(100) No
Notation Notation key varchar(40) No
Parent_sector_code Parent sector code varchar(15) No
Sector_name Sector name varchar(75) No
Unit Unit the measure value varchar(40) No

 

Metadata

Reporting obligations (ROD)
Dynamic
Temporal coverage:
1985-2008
Last upload:
11 Jun 2010
Tags:
PFC | CO2 | CSI | SF6 | CSI010 | GHG | CH4 | air emissions | N2O | HFC
Rights:
EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: Directorate-General for Environment (DG Environment), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Units:
Pollutants: CO2, CH4, N2O in Gg (1000 tonnes). Pollutants: HFCs, PFCs, SF6 in Gg CO2 equivalent. Aggregate: All greenhouse gases in Gg CO2 equivalent.
Data sources

The European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (27 May 2010 and 10 June 2010), national submissions to UNFCCC or to EU Monitoring Mechanism of CO2 and other greenhouse emissions.

Owners:
Directorate-General for Environment (DG Environment)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Processors:
European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC/ACC)
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Additional information

Data compiled and held by ETC/ACC are annual emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6 from individual countries. Sectoral data (IPCC classification) is provided for the following main source categories: Energy, Industrial Processes, Solvent and Other Product Use, Agriculture, Land-Use Change and Forestry, Waste, Other, CO2 emissions from Biomass, International bunkers and Multilateral Operations.

 

Related content

Figures produced

CO2 emissions in EU countries (1990, 2009) CO2 emissions in EU countries (1990, 2009) The figure shows the CO2 emissions in the industry in EU Countries
Changes (%) in emissions of ozone precursors by sector, 1990-2009, EEA-32 Changes (%) in emissions of ozone precursors by sector, 1990-2009, EEA-32 The figure shows the emissions methane CH4; carbon monoxide CO; non-methane volatile organic compounds NMVOCs; and nitrogen oxides NOx.
Structure of CO2 emissions from thermal power plants in EU-27, 2009 Structure of CO2 emissions from thermal power plants in EU-27, 2009 How to read the figures: Left-top: % Share of fuel input (TJ) by type (liquid, solid, gaseous, biomass and other fuels) into 1A1a public electricity and heat production. Left-bottom: Implied emission factor for each fuel above (tCO2 / TJ), taken from EEA (2009) Right-top: Average efficiency of transformation in EU-27. Numerator = 101109 Output from district heating plants + 101121 Output from public thermal power stations Denominator = 101009 Input to district heating plants + 101021 Input to public thermal power stations Right-bottom: % Share of CO2 emissions by fuel type (liquid, solid, gaseous, biomass and other fuels into 1A1a public electricity and heat production)
CO2 emission savings per year for EU–27 at different transformation efficiencies compared to current 2009 efficiency CO2 emission savings per year for EU–27 at different transformation efficiencies compared to current 2009 efficiency CO2 emission savings per year for EU-27 at different transformation efficiencies compared to current 2009 efficiency
Drivers of EU GHG emissions from energy supply, 1990–2008 Drivers of EU GHG emissions from energy supply, 1990–2008 -
Decomposition analysis of direct CO2 emission trends from EU households, 1990–2008 Decomposition analysis of direct CO2 emission trends from EU households, 1990–2008 Each bar shows the contribution of a single driver on GHG emission trends during a determined period. The thick short black lines indicate the combined effect of all emission drivers, i.e. the overall GHG emission trend during the period considered.
GHG emission from energy use per sector and per gas, 1990–2008 GHG emission from energy use per sector and per gas, 1990–2008 Manufacturing industries and construction = CRF category 1A2, Primary and tertiary sector = CRF category 1A4a+1A4c+1A5, Households = CRF category 1A4b.
Drivers of CO2 emissions from passenger cars in the EU, 1990–2008 Drivers of CO2 emissions from passenger cars in the EU, 1990–2008 Passenger km: The number of km covered by people is represented as passenger km, and includes road, rail, air and ship transport of passengers. Passenger km on road: Passenger km on road do not include passenger km on rail, air and ship transport of passengers.
Drivers of direct CO2 emissions from EU households, 1990–2008 Drivers of direct CO2 emissions from EU households, 1990–2008 Final energy consumption, fuel consumption, fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are temperature corrected. Indirect emissions, related to the production of public electricity or heat used by households, are not included.
Decomposition analysis of CH4 emission trends from enteric fermentation of cattle in the EU, 1990–2008 Decomposition analysis of CH4 emission trends from enteric fermentation of cattle in the EU, 1990–2008 Each bar shows the contribution of a single driver on GHG emission trends during a determined period. The thick short black lines indicate the combined effect of all emission drivers, i.e. the overall GHG emission trend during the period considered.
Gross electricity generation by fuel in the EU Gross electricity generation by fuel in the EU The figure on the right represents a zoom of the figure on the left, for renewable sources only.
Drivers of N2O emissions from EU agricultural soils, 1990–2008 Drivers of N2O emissions from EU agricultural soils, 1990–2008 -
Decomposition analysis of N2O emission trends from EU agricultural soils, 1990–2008 Decomposition analysis of N2O emission trends from EU agricultural soils, 1990–2008 Each bar shows the contribution of a single driver on GHG emission trends during a determined period. The thick short black lines indicate the combined effect of all emission drivers, i.e. the overall GHG emission trend during the period considered.
Drivers of CO2 emissions from road freight transport in the EU, 1990–2008 Drivers of CO2 emissions from road freight transport in the EU, 1990–2008 -
Decomposition analysis of CO2 emission trends from passenger cars in the EU, 1990–2008 Decomposition analysis of CO2 emission trends from passenger cars in the EU, 1990–2008 Each bar shows the contribution of a single driver to CO2 emission trends during a determined period. The thick short black lines indicate the combined effect of all emission drivers, i.e. the overall GHG emission trend during the period considered.
Decomposition analysis of CO2 emission trends from public electricity and heat production in the EU, 1990–2008 Decomposition analysis of CO2 emission trends from public electricity and heat production in the EU, 1990–2008 Each bar shows the contribution of a single driver on GHG emission trends during a determined period. The thick short black lines indicate the combined effect of all emission drivers, i.e. the overall GHG emission trend during the period considered.
Drivers of direct GHG emissions from EU manufacturing and construction industries, 1990–2008 Drivers of direct GHG emissions from EU manufacturing and construction industries, 1990–2008 Indirect emissions, related to the production of public electricity or heat used by the manufacturing and construction industries, are not included.
Decomposition analysis of direct CO2 emission trends from EU manufacturing and construction industries, 1990–2008 Decomposition analysis of direct CO2 emission trends from EU manufacturing and construction industries, 1990–2008 Each bar shows the contribution of a single driver on GHG emission trends during a determined period. The thick short black lines indicate the combined effect of all emission drivers, i.e. the overall GHG emission trend during the period considered.
Drivers of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation of cattle in the EU, 1990–2008 Drivers of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation of cattle in the EU, 1990–2008 -
Main drivers of total GHG emissions in the EU, 1990–2008 Main drivers of total GHG emissions in the EU, 1990–2008 -
Top-down decomposition analysis of total GHG emission trends in the EU, 1990–2008 Top-down decomposition analysis of total GHG emission trends in the EU, 1990–2008 Each bar shows the contribution of a single driver on GHG emission trends during a determined period. The thick short black lines indicate the combined effect of all emission drivers, i.e. the overall GHG emission trend during the period considered.
CO2 emission savings per year for EU-27 at different transformation efficiencies compared to current 2008 efficiency CO2 emission savings per year for EU-27 at different transformation efficiencies compared to current 2008 efficiency CO2 emission savings per year for EU-27 at different transformation efficiencies compared to current 2008 efficiency
Structure of CO2 emissions from thermal power plants in EU-27, 2008 Structure of CO2 emissions from thermal power plants in EU-27, 2008 How to read the figures: Left-top: % Share of fuel input (TJ) by type (liquid, solid, gaseous, biomass and other fuels) into 1A1a public electricity and heat production. Left-bottom: Implied emission factor for each fuel above (tCO2 / TJ), taken from EEA (2008) Right-top: Average efficiency of transformation in EU-27. Numerator = 101109 Output from district heating plants + 101121 Output from public thermal power stations Denominator = 101009 Input to district heating plants + 101021 Input to public thermal power stations Right-bottom: % Share of CO2 emissions by fuel type (liquid, solid, gaseous, biomass and other fuels into 1A1a public electricity and heat production)
Changes (%) in emissions of ozone precursors by source category, 1990-2008, EEA-32 Changes (%) in emissions of ozone precursors by source category, 1990-2008, EEA-32 The figure shows the emissions methane CH4; carbon monoxide CO; non-methane volatile organic compounds NMVOCs; and nitrogen oxides NOx.
Change in energy-related emissions of ozone precursors by country, 1990-2008 Change in energy-related emissions of ozone precursors by country, 1990-2008 The graph shows the change in energy-related emissions of ozone precursors (NOx, NMVOC, CO and CH4) each weighted by an ozone formation factor prior to aggregation to represent their respective ozone forming potentials. The relative impact of the combined contribution of NOx, NMVOC, CO and CH4 to ozone formation can be assessed based on their tropospheric ozone forming potentials (TOFP): nitrogen oxides 1.22, non-methane volatile organic compounds 1.0, carbon monoxide 0.11 and methane 0.014 (de Leeuw 2002).
Contribution of different sectors (energy and non-energy) to total emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors, 2008, EEA-32 Contribution of different sectors (energy and non-energy) to total emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors, 2008, EEA-32 The figure shows the emission of NOx, NMVOC, CO and CH4 in 2008
CO2 emissions per m2 for space heating CO2 emissions per m2 for space heating The graph compares by country the level of CO2 emissions for space heating per m2 for 2 years : 1990 and 2008 (direct and indirect emissions). 1990 and 2008 data are climate corrected against each country’s long-term average climate, whereas the last series is climate corrected and scaled against the EU long-term average climate to account for temperature differences between countries.
Variation in direct CO2 emission from household (EU27) Variation in direct CO2 emission from household (EU27) Variations in CO2 emissions from household and the explanatory effects.
CO2 emissions per dwelling, climate corrected (EU-27) CO2 emissions per dwelling, climate corrected (EU-27) CO2 emissions per dwelling: direct and indirect emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-27 by sector in 2008, and changes between 1990 and 2008 Greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-27 by sector in 2008, and changes between 1990 and 2008 The figures shows the total greenhouse (GHG) emissions in the EU-27 by sector and the changes between 1990 and 2008
Domestic GHG emissions in EU-15 and EU-27 between 1990 and 2008 Domestic GHG emissions in EU-15 and EU-27 between 1990 and 2008 The figure shows the trends in EU greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990/base year
Greenhouse gas emissions per capita and per unit of GDP in purchasing power standards in 2008 Greenhouse gas emissions per capita and per unit of GDP in purchasing power standards in 2008 Climate change mitigation chapter SOER 2010
Fuel use and CO2 emissions from heating in European households Fuel use and CO2 emissions from heating in European households Climate change mitigation chapter SOER 2010
Fuel use and CO2 emissions from public electricity and heat production in EU-27 Fuel use and CO2 emissions from public electricity and heat production in EU-27 Climate change mitigation chapter SOER 2010
Change in GHG emissions by main gas in EU-27, 1990–2008 and breakdown by gas in 2008 Change in GHG emissions by main gas in EU-27, 1990–2008 and breakdown by gas in 2008 Climate change mitigation chapter SOER 2010
Change in GHG emissions by main sector in EU-27, 1990–2008 and breakdown by sector, 2008 Change in GHG emissions by main sector in EU-27, 1990–2008 and breakdown by sector, 2008 Climate change mitigation chapter SOER 2010
CO2 emissions from diesel and gasoline in the EU-27, 1990–2008 CO2 emissions from diesel and gasoline in the EU-27, 1990–2008 Climate change mitigation chapter SOER 2010
Overview of top decreasing/increasing GHG sources in the EU–27, 1990–2008 Overview of top decreasing/increasing GHG sources in the EU–27, 1990–2008 Climate change mitigation chapter SOER 2010
Change in greenhouse gas emissions by EU Member States, 1990–2008 and share of emissions in 2008 Change in greenhouse gas emissions by EU Member States, 1990–2008 and share of emissions in 2008 Climate change mitigation chapter SOER 2010
Absolute GHG emissions in the EU-27, 1970–2009 Absolute GHG emissions in the EU-27, 1970–2009 Climate change mitigation chapter SOER 2010
Change in CH4 emissions 1990-2008 (EEA member countries) Change in CH4 emissions 1990-2008 (EEA member countries) The reported change in methane (CH4) emissions for each country, 1990-2008.
Contribution to total change in CH4 emissions for each sector (EEA member countries) Contribution to total change in CH4 emissions for each sector (EEA member countries) The contribution made by each sector to the total change in methane (CH4) emissions between 1990 and 2008.
Change in CH4 emissions for each sector 1990-2008 (EEA member countries) Change in CH4 emissions for each sector 1990-2008 (EEA member countries) Percentage change in methane (CH4) emissions for each sector between 1990 and 2008.
CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions and electricity and heat production, EEA-32 CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions and electricity and heat production, EEA-32 CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions and electricity and heat production in the EEA-32, during the period 1990-2007
Greenhouse gas emissions (Kyoto gases) per country (combustion and non-combustion emissions), 2007 Greenhouse gas emissions (Kyoto gases) per country (combustion and non-combustion emissions), 2007 Greenhouse gas emissions (Kyoto gases) per country split between combustion and non-combustion emissions, 2007
Emissions intensity of public conventional thermal power production, EEA-32 Emissions intensity of public conventional thermal power production, EEA-32 The emissions intensity of conventional public thermal power production is the level of Carbon dioxide (CO2), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) or Nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions per unit of power (electricity and heat) produced by public thermal power stations. The emission intensities are calculated as the ratio of CO2, SO2 and NOX emissions from public power production to the output of electricity and heat from public conventional thermal power production. Public thermal power stations generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. No data are available for Luxembourg and so data for this country is not included in the chart.
Estimated impact of different factors on the reduction in emissions of Carbon dioxide (CO2) from public electricity and heat production between 1990 and 2007, EEA-32 Estimated impact of different factors on the reduction in emissions of Carbon dioxide (CO2) from public electricity and heat production between 1990 and 2007, EEA-32 The chart shows the estimated contributions of the various factors that have affected emissions from public electricity and heat production (including public thermal power stations, nuclear power stations, hydro power plants and wind plants).
Emissions intensity of carbon dioxide from public conventional thermal power production Emissions intensity of carbon dioxide from public conventional thermal power production Emissions intensity is calculated as the amount of pollutant produced (in tonnes) from public electricity and heat production divided by the output of electricity and heat (in toe) from these plants.
Emissions intensity of sulphur dioxide from public conventional thermal power production Emissions intensity of sulphur dioxide from public conventional thermal power production Emissions intensity is calculated as the amount of pollutant produced (in tonnes) from public electricity and heat production divided by the output of electricity and heat (in toe) from these plants.
Emissions intensity of nitrogen oxides from public conventional thermal power production Emissions intensity of nitrogen oxides from public conventional thermal power production Emissions intensity is calculated as the amount of pollutant produced (in tonnes) from public electricity and heat production divided by the output of electricity and heat (in toe) from these plants.
Total greenhouse gas emissions by sector (%) in EU-27, 2007 Total greenhouse gas emissions by sector (%) in EU-27, 2007 Annual emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC and SF6 in the UNFCCC reporting format are converted to their global warming potential GWP (100 year time horizon) for addition and comparison with the Kyoto Protocol targets: 1 t CH4 = 21 t CO2-equivalent, 1 t N2O = 310 t CO2-equivalent, 1 t SF6 = 23 900 t CO2-equivalent. HFCs and PFCs have a wide range of GWPs depending on the gas and emissions are already reported in tonnes CO2-equivalent. International transport emissions (Memo items: international aviation and international maritime transport) are shown in the chart because they are the fastest growing source of emissions in the EU. They are however not included in the national totals reported as part of the national greenhouse gas inventories under the UNFCCC.
Changes (%) in greenhouse gas emissions by source category in the EU, 1990-2007 Changes (%) in greenhouse gas emissions by source category in the EU, 1990-2007 International bunkers are international transport emissions (Memo items: international aviation and international maritime transport) and are shown in the chart because they are the fastest growing source of emissions in the EU. They are however not included in the national totals reported as part of the national greenhouse gas inventories under the UNFCCC. The sector LULUCF (Land use, land use change and forestry) is not included in the national totals under the UNFCCC either. LULUCF in the EU is a net carbon sink, resulting from higher removals by sinks than emissions from sources. A positive change in LULUCF means a reduction in emissions (i.e. a removal of emissions).
Emission trends of tropospheric (ground-level) ozone precursors (EEA member countries, EU-27) Emission trends of tropospheric (ground-level) ozone precursors (EEA member countries, EU-27) This chart shows past emission trends of nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compunds (NMVOC), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) in the EEA-32 and EU-27 group of countries. In addition - for the EU-27 - the aggregated Member State 2010 emission ceilings for NOx and NMVOC are shown.
Sector contributions of ozone precursor emissions (EEA member countries) Sector contributions of ozone precursor emissions (EEA member countries) The contribution made by different sectors to emissions of the tropospheric (ground-level) ozone precursors.
Change in total GHG emissions from transport Change in total GHG emissions from transport EU-15 refers to 15 old EU Member States prior to May 2004 (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom), EFTA-3 to the three EFTA countries (Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland), New EU-12 to 12 new EU Member States as of January 2007 (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) and CC-2 to the two candidate countries Turkey and Iceland.
CO2 emissions in EU countries (1990, 2008) CO2 emissions in EU countries (1990, 2008) The figure shows the CO2 emissions in the industry in EU Countries
Total GHG emissions from transport Total GHG emissions from transport EU-15 refers to 15 old EU Member States prior to May 2004 (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom), EFTA-3 to the three EFTA countries (Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland), New EU-12 to 12 new EU Member States as of January 2007 (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) and CC-2 to the two candidate countries Turkey and Iceland.

Used in indicators

Energy efficiency and energy consumption in industry Energy efficiency and energy consumption in industry Specific consumption per tonne produced : Energy consumption divided by the physical production (for steel, cement , paper) Energy efficiency index of industry (ODEX) is a weighted average of the specific consumption index of 10 manufacturing branches; the weight being the share of each branch in the sum of the energy consumption of these branches in year t and the sum of the implied energy consumption from each underlying industrial branches in year t (based on the unit consumption of the sub-sector with a moving reference year). CO2 emissions from energy uses split between direct emissions and indirect emissions: Direct emissions refer to emissions from the combustion of coal, gas and oil products (source: EEA inventories 2009); Indirect emissions (or electricity related) refer to emissions in the power sector corresponding to the electricity consumption in the sector       Indirect CO2 = E ind/E tot * CO2 ie with E : electricity consumption (ind for industry, tot for all sectors) (source ODYSSEE database); CO2 ie : CO2 emissions from public electricity and heat production ( source EEA, inventories 2009)
Energy efficiency and energy consumption in the transport sector Energy efficiency and energy consumption in the transport sector Energy efficiency progress (Figure 1) is measured from the ODEX indicator. This index aggregates the unit consumption trends for each transport mode in a single indicator for the whole sector. It is calculated at the level of 8 modes or vehicle types: cars, trucks, light vehicles, motorcycles, buses, total air transport, rail, and water transport. For cars, energy efficiency is measured by the specific consumption, expressed in litre/100km; for the transport of goods (trucks and light vehicles), the unit consumption per ton-km is used, as the main activity is to move goods; for other modes of transport various indicators of unit consumption are used, taking for each mode the most relevant indicator given the statistics available: toe/passenger for air, goe/pass-km for passenger rail, goe/ton-km for transport of goods by rail and water, toe per vehicle for motorcycles and buses.  The variation of the weighted index of the unit consumption by mode between t-1 and t is defined as follows It /It -1= 1/( It -1/It) with : energy share EC i  (consumption of each mode i   in total transport consumption); unit consumption index UC i (ratio : consumption related to traffic or specific consumption in l/100 km for cars); t refers the current year, t-1 to the previous year. The value at year t can be derived from the value at the previous year by reversing the calculation: It /It -1= 1/( It -1/It) ODEX is set at 100 for a reference year and successive values are then derived for each year t by the value of ODEX at year t-1 multiplied by It /It -1. The energy consumption variation of passenger transport in Figure 4 is broken down into 3 explanatory effects: activity effect (increase in traffic), modal shift effect (from private transport to public transport modes) and energy savings (change in specific consumption per unit of traffic). A positive “modal shift effect” means that the share of public passenger transport in passenger traffic is decreasing (shift from public transport to cars)  or the road in total freight traffic is increasing (shift from rail-water to road): this offsets energy savings. CO2 emissions for total transport are split into 2 explanatory effects (Figure 6): an activity effect due to an increase in traffic of passengers and freight, CO2 savings due to the reduction in the specific emissions of vehicles per unit of traffic.
Energy efficiency and energy consumption in the household sector Energy efficiency and energy consumption in the household sector Household energy consumption, covers all energy consumed in households for space heating, water heating, cooking and electricity.    Figures are reported either aggregated or disaggregated according to the end use categories named and as a total figure or per dwelling or m 2 of housing area. Climate fluctuates from one year to another. When the data is flagged as climate corrected, the data is normalized to reflect similar weather conditions. Consumption in useful energy per degree-day corrects for difference in heating equipment efficiency (which varies according to the fuel  uses) and climate. Energy efficiency indices (ODEX) can be defined as a ratio between the actual energy consumption of the sector in year t and the sum of the implied energy consumption from each underlying sub-sector/ end use in year t (based on the unit consumption of the sub-sector with a moving reference year. The evaluation of energy savings in household is carried out at the level of three end uses (heating, water heating and cooking) and five large appliances (refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, dishwashers and TVs). For each end use, the following indicators are used to measure efficiency progress: heating — unit consumption per m 2 per dwelling equivalent to central heating at normal climate; water heating — unit consumption per dwelling with water heating; and cooking — unit consumption per dwelling. The average energy consumption per m 2 per dwelling equivalent to central heating is used to leave out the impact of the diffusion of central heating. The effect of (heating) behaviour was estimated by assuming that technical progress cannot be reversed Household CO 2 -emissions covers the direct CO 2 emitted by fuel combustion.
Emissions from public electricity and heat production - explanatory indicators (ENER 009) Emissions from public electricity and heat production - explanatory indicators (ENER 009) Historical emissions of CO2, NOX and SO2 from the common reporting format category 1A1a Public electricity and heat production. Output from public thermal power stations covers gross electricity generation and any heat also produced by public thermal power stations. Public thermal power stations generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and in transformers is included.
Energy and non-energy related greenhouse gas emissions Energy and non-energy related greenhouse gas emissions Annual emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, HFC, PFC and SF 6 in UNFCCC reporting format (In Mt = million tonnes) converted to their global warming potential (100 year time horizon) for addition and comparison with the Kyoto Protocol targets (1 t CH 4 = 21 t CO 2 -equivalent, 1 t N 2 O = 310 t CO2-equivalent, 1 t SF 6 = 23 900 t CO 2 -equivalent. HFCs and PFCs have a wide range of GWPs depending on the gas and emissions are already reported in t CO 2 -equivalent). For CO 2 only, the (national) totals do not include emissions from biomass burning or emissions or removals from land-use change and forestry (LUCF). The energy sector is responsible for energy-related emissions, such as those arising from fuel combustion activities and fugitive emissions from fuels. Fuel combustion activities include: energy industries, manufacturing industries and construction, transport, other sectors and other stationary or mobile emissions from fuel combustion. Fugitive emissions from fuels include: solid fuels and oil and natural gas. ’Energy production’ includes ‘Energy industries’ (i.e. public electricity and heat production, petroleum refining and the manufacture of solid fuels) and ‘Fugitive emissions’  (i.e. emissions from production, processing, transmission, storage and use of fuels, in particular coal-mining and gas production). ’Transport’ includes road transportation, national civil aviation, railways and navigation, and other non-road transportation. In accordance with UNFCCC and UNECE guidelines, emissions from international aviation and navigation are not included. ’Industry’ includes fossil fuel combustion (for heat and electricity) in manufacturing industries and construction (such as iron and steel, and non-ferrous metals). ‘Households’ includes fossil fuel combustion in households. ’Services sector’ includes fossil fuel combustion (for heat and electricity) from small commercial businesses, public institutions, agricultural businesses and military. Non-energy related emissions include ‘Industry’ (i.e. processes in manufacturing industries and construction without fossil fuel combustion including production and consumption of fluorinated gases), ‘Agriculture’ (i.e. domestic livestock (dairy and non-dairy cattle) keeping, in particular manure management and enteric fermentation and emissions from soils) ‘Waste’ (i.e. waste management facilities, in particular landfill sites and incineration plants and ‘Other non-energy’ (i.e. solvent and other product use).
Emission intensity of public conventional thermal power electricity and heat production Emission intensity of public conventional thermal power electricity and heat production Historical emissions of CO 2 , NOx and SO 2 from the reporting format category 1A1a - Public electricity and heat production. Output from public thermal power stations covers gross electricity generation and any heat also produced by public thermal power stations. Public thermal power stations generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and in transformers is included. Emissions intensity is calculated by dividing the emissions of each pollutant from public electricity and heat production (sector 1A1a) by the output from public thermal power stations.  
Energy efficiency and energy consumption in industry Energy efficiency and energy consumption in industry Specific consumption per tonne produced : Energy consumption divided by the physical production (for steel, cement , paper) Energy efficiency index of industry (ODEX) is a weighted average of the specific consumption index of 10 manufacturing branches; the weight being the share of each branch in the sum of the energy consumption of these branches in year t and the sum of the implied energy consumption from each underlying industrial branches in year t (based on the unit consumption of the sub-sector with a moving reference year). The 10 branches considered in the calculation are: chemical, steel, non ferrous, cement, other non metallic, paper, food, machinery, transport equipment and textile. For steel, cement and paper, energy savings are calculated using specific consumption per tonne produced; for the other branches, the indicator used is the ratio on energy consumption related to production index. The variation of the weighted index of the unit consumption between t-1 and t is defined as follows: It -1/It = SUMi ECi,t *(UCi,t/UCi.t-1) with : energy share EC i  (consumption of each branch i   in total industry consumption); unit consumption index UC i (ratio : consumption related to production index or ratio : consumption related to physical production of steel, cement  and paper) t refers the current year, t-1 to the previous year The value at year t can be derived from the value at the previous year by reversing the calculation:  It /It -1= 1/( It -1/It) ODEX is set at 100 for a reference year and successive values are then derived for each year t by the value of ODEX at year t-1 multiplied by It /It -1 CO 2 emissions from energy uses split between direct emissions and indirect emissions: Direct emissions refer to emissions from the combustion of coal, gas and oil products (source: EEA inventories 2009) Indirect emissions (or electricity related) refer to emissions in the power sector corresponding to the electricity consumption in the sector Indirect CO 2 = E ind/E tot * CO 2 ie with E : electricity consumption (ind for industry, tot for all sectors) (source ODYSSEE database); CO 2 ie : CO 2 emissions from public electricity and heat production ( source EEA, inventories 2009) CO 2 emissions from energy uses split between direct emissions and indirect emissions: Direct emissions refer to emissions from the combustion of coal, gas and oil products (source: EEA inventories 2009); Indirect emissions (or electricity related) refer to emissions in the power sector corresponding to the electricity consumption in the sector       Indirect CO 2 = E ind/E tot * CO 2 ie with E : electricity consumption (ind for industry, tot for all sectors) (source ODYSSEE database); CO 2 ie : CO 2 emissions from public electricity and heat production ( source EEA, inventories 2009)
Energy efficiency and energy consumption in the transport sector Energy efficiency and energy consumption in the transport sector Energy efficiency progress (Figure 1) is measured from the ODEX indicator. This index aggregates the unit consumption trends for each transport mode in a single indicator for the whole sector.                          The energy consumption variation of passenger transport in Figure 5 is broken down into 3 explanatory effects: activity effect (increase in traffic), modal shift effect (from private transport to public transport modes) and energy savings (change in specific consumption per unit of traffic). A positive “modal shift effect” means that the share of public passenger transport in passenger traffic is decreasing (shift from public transport to cars)  or the road in total freight traffic is increasing (shift from rail-water to road): this offsets energy savings. CO2 emissions for total transport are split into 2 explanatory effects (Figure 7): an activity effect due to an increase in traffic of passengers and freight, CO2 savings due to the reduction in the specific emissions of vehicles per unit of traffic.
Energy efficiency and energy consumption in the household sector Energy efficiency and energy consumption in the household sector Household energy consumption, covers all energy consumed in households for space heating, water heating, cooking and electricity. Figures are reported either aggregated or disaggregated according to the end use categories named and as a total figure or per dwelling or m2 of housing area. Climate fluctuates from one year to another. When the data is flagged as climate corrected, the data is normalized to reflect similar weather conditions.  Consumption in useful energy per degree-day corrects for difference in heating equipment efficiency (which varies according to the fuel  uses) and climate. Energy efficiency indices (ODEX) can be defined as a ratio between the actual energy consumption of the sector in year t and the sum of the implied energy consumption from each underlying sub-sector/ end use in year t (based on the unit consumption of the sub-sector with a moving reference year. Household CO2-emissions covers the direct CO2 emitted by fuel combustion.  
Energy efficiency in transformation Energy efficiency in transformation EU-27 Share of primary energy by fuel type and, share of final energy consumption by sector and energy losses Share of energy losses, own consumption of the energy industry and final energy available for final consumption in primary energy, by Member State Structure in the efficiency of transformation and distribution of energy from primary energy consumption to final energy consumption, EU-27, 2009 Structure of CO 2 emissions from thermal power plants in EU-27, 2009 % share of input fuels into conventional thermal power plants Implied emission factors by fuel type – total fuel input by type to conventional thermal power plants (TJ) divided by CO 2 emissions from plants by fuel type Average efficiency for conventional thermal plant (total fuel inputs divided by total electricity and heat output) Share of CO 2 emissions by input fuel type. CO 2 emission savings per year for EU-27 at different transformation efficiencies compared to current 2009 efficiency
Transport emissions of greenhouse gases Transport emissions of greenhouse gases Total Greenhouse Gas emissions, CO2, CH4 and N2O from transport, are analysed in this indicator. Total transport emissions can be split into road transport, rail transport, navigation, domestic aviation and other transport. All transport related GHG emissions exclude emissions from international aviation and maritime transport (not included in the Kyoto Protocol).
Emissions of ozone precursors Emissions of ozone precursors This indicator tracks trends since 1990 in anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursor pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ) and non methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), each weighted by their respective tropospheric ozone-forming potential. The indicator also provides information on the sources of emissions from a number of sectors: Energy industries; road and other transport; industry (processes and energy); other (energy); fugitive emissions; waste; agriculture and other (non energy).
Greenhouse gas emission trends Greenhouse gas emission trends This indicator presents anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in Europe from 1990 onwards. It analyses the trends (total and by sector) in relation to the European Community and Member States Kyoto targets for the period 2008-2012. Definitions (from UNFCCC) Emissions: the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time. Greenhouse gases: those gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. Sink: any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. Source: any process or activity which releases a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. Emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases are calculated according to the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (see Methodology ), as agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC. Scope Gases All the greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, SF 6 , HFCs and PFCs). This does not include the greenhouse gases that are also ozone-depleting substances and which are controlled by the Montreal Protocol (see CSI 006 ). In order to be aggregated, non-CO 2 gases are weighed by their respective global warming potential and presented in CO 2 -equivalent units. Emission sources The indicator provides information on emissions from the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas sources, distributed by main emitting sectors (according IPCC nomenclature): energy supply and use (including energy industry, fugitive emissions, energy use by industry and by other sectors, excluding the transport sector); transport; industry (processes, i.e. not including emissions from fossil fuel combustion for energy use); agriculture; waste; other (non-energy). Unless otherwise mentioned, the indicator does not cover emissions from international bunkers (international aviation and maritime transport), which are not covered by the Kyoto Protocol. In particular, these emissions are not taken into account in the total greenhouse gas emissions reported at national and EU levels. Emissions from land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) are not included in total greenhouse gas emissions. Geographical area The indicator covers all 27 Member States from the European Union. Some figures also include information concerning other EEA Member States. Period covered The indicator covers annual emissions since 1990.
Emissions of ozone precursors (version 1) Emissions of ozone precursors (version 1) This indicator tracks trends since 1990 in anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, methane and non methane volatile organic compounds, each weighted by their tropospheric ozone-forming potential. The indicator also provides information on emissions by sectors: Energy industries; road and other transport; industry (processes and energy); other (energy); fugitive emissions; waste; agriculture and other (non energy).
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