Permafrost in the Swiss Alps

PERMOS is based on three types of observations: (1) ground temperatures measured at and below the surface at borehole sites, (2) changes in subsurface ice and unfrozen water content at these sites in- ferred by geoelectrical surveys, and (3) velocities of permafrost creep determined by geodetic surveys and/or photogrammetry. In addition, standardized documentation of fast mass movements from permafrost areas (e.g., rock fall) is being established.