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EEA SIGNALS 2018 Water is life
Europe's rivers, lakes and seas are under pressure from pollution, over-exploitation and climate change. How can we ensure a sustainable use of this vital resource?
Water savings for a water-resilient Europe
This briefing explores potential water savings that could be achieved in key European economic sectors to improve water efficiency and address growing uncertainties related to water availability. It provides context for the European Water Resilience Strategy among other European policy instruments.
Worst seasonal water scarcity conditions for European countries in 2019, measured by the water exploitation index plus (WEI+)
This figure gives an overview of the worst quarterly water scarcity conditions (maximum WEI+ in a consecutive 3-month period) of 2019 across countries in Europe. Seasonal WEI+ values are estimated as quarterly averages per country. The worst quarter of the year for water scarcity conditions is provided in brackets next to the name of the country. Annual quarters are: Q1 (January-March), Q2 (April-June), Q3 (July-September), Q4 (October-December). No data is available for Montenegro and Lichtenstein.
Observed drought episodes in Europe (1971–2011)
A country is coloured with orange if drought episodes have occurred in that country during the reference decade, regardless of their temporal and spatial (local or nationwide) scale. No distinction between the severity, the frequency and the extent of the events is made.
Occurrence of drought (left) and water scarcity (right) in RBMPs
Occurrence of Drought in EU RBDs, according to RBMP assessment plus MS information
Percentage of seasons with water stress
The map shows the percentage of seasons for which water stress (WEI+ values exceeding 40) were recorded.
Precipitation versus agricultural demand patterns
Monthly agricultural water demand (in%) of total versus monthly rainfall (in% of yearly total)
Annual water stress for present conditions and projections for two scenarios
Left: present climate; middle: projection for 2050 based on Economy First scenario, median of general circulation models — regional climate models (GCM-RCM) combinations; right: projection for 2050 based on Sustainability Eventually scenario, median of GCM-RCM combinations. Yellow: low water stress (withdrawals-to-availability ratio: 0–0.2); orange: mild water stress (withdrawals-to-availability ratio: 0.2–0.4); red: severe water stress (withdrawals-to-availability ratio: > 0.4).
Area affected during at least for one quarter of the year by water scarcity conditions in the EU, measured by the water exploitation index plus
The graph presents trend with the area of the European Union affected by water scarcity conditions between 2000-2019. Water scarcity conditions is adopted, i.e. when WEI+ values are above 20% for at least a quarter of the year in a given river sub basin; annual quarters are: Q1 (January-March), Q2 (April-June), Q3 (July-September), Q4 (October-December). No sufficient data available from Italy, hence Italian river basins have not been included in the analysis.
Aridity index: baseline situation and projections under RCP 8.5 scenario
The map shows the baseline situation and projections of annual aridity index under RCP 8.5 scenario. This Index is based on daily precipitation and evapotranspiration and E-HYPE model median ensemble is presented. A higher value indicates reduced soil water availability.
Population and area exposed to water scarcity conditions in Europe (summers 1990-2015)
Mapping the impacts of natural hazards and technological accidents in Europe
The report assesses the occurrence and impacts of disasters and the underlying hazards such as storms, extreme temperature events, forest fires, water scarcity and droughts, floods, snow avalanches, landslides, earthquakes, volcanoes and technological accidents in Europe for the period 1998-2009.
Regional water report
Water resources, surface water quality and water consumption in the Eastern Partnership countries
Safe water and healthy water services in a changing environment
This report summarises existing knowledge of climate change impacts on water services and health; the nature and effectiveness of the policy response; and the coverage and gaps in existing assessments of these themes.
Water resources across Europe — confronting water scarcity and drought
This report provides an up-to-date assessment of water resources across Europe.