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Construction and demolition waste: challenges and opportunities in a circular economy
Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) comprises the largest waste stream in the EU, with relatively stable amounts produced over time and high recovery rates. Although this may suggest that the construction sector is highly circular, scrutiny of waste management practices reveals that C&DW recovery is largely based on backfilling operations and low-grade recovery, such as using recycled aggregates in road sub-bases. This briefing examines how circular economy-inspired actions can help achieve waste policy objectives, namely waste prevention and increase both the quantity and the quality of recycling for C&DW while reducing hazardous materials in the waste.
Total turnover of recycling of seven key recyclables in the EU, 2004 and 2006–2009
'Precious metals' include silver, gold and platinum. 'Other metals' include lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, niobium, rhenium, gallium, indium and cermets. * The 2009 calculation is based on the values for only the second half of 2009. Despite the huge decline in commodity prices at the beginning of 2009 due to the economic downturn, the total turnover of recyclables recovered markedly in the second half of 2009.
Total waste generation in the EU, EFTA, Turkey and Croatia in 2008 by source
This figure shows the total waste generation distribution in percentages between different sources in the EU, EFTA, Croatia and Turkey in 2008
Trend in generation of municipal waste in the EU, EFTA countries, Turkey and Western Balkan countries, 2003 and 2010
The figure is a bar plot of the generation of municipal waste in kg per capita, covering 2003 and 2010.
Value of EU internal and overseas trade in recyclables, 2000–2010 (*)
(*) The 2010 values are based on amounts and values for only the first half of 2010 because figures for the second half of the year were not available at the time of writing. Precious metals include silver, gold and platinum. 'Other metals' includes lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, niobium, rhenium, gallium, indium and cermets.
Total waste generation in the EU (excluding major mineral waste), indexed to 2010, and compared with GDP, 2010-2020
Waste generation and decoupling per capita in the EU-27
This figure shows indexed values of waste generation per capita and gross domestic product (GDP) with year 2010 as a reference year (2010=100%). Production phase shows generation of total waste and waste excluding major mineral wastes. Gross domestic product (GDP) was chosen as a basic indicator of the economic growth as it expresses the total value of goods and services produced in the country (the components of GDP include personal consumption expenditures plus business investment plus government spending plus (exports minus imports)).
Waste geneneration by type of waste in the EU‐27, Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Norway and Turkey, 2008
The total generation of waste in the EU-27, Croatia, FYR Of Macedonia, Norway and Turkey divided into 7 different categories. The figure shows that nearly two thirds of all waste in 2008 was mineral waste, mainly from mining, quarrying, construction and demolition.
Persons employed in recycling activities in the EU (*), Norway and Switzerland per million inhabitants, 2000–2007
(*) Data are missing for some countries in years between 2000 and 2007. The countries whose data are missing are listed in ETC/SCP, 2011.
Recycling's current and potential contribution (*) to meeting EU demand for various materials, 2006
(*) The current and potential contribution figures are both based on the infrastructure available in 2006. Future changes in collection rates, improved recycling structures and market conditions could significantly influence the potential contribution figures.
Потоци на отпадъците в Европа
Общо около 2 500 милиона тона отпадъци са били генерирани в ЕС-28 и Норвегия през 2010 г. По-долу е показано откъде са дошли отпадъците и от какво са се състояли.
Toky odpadů v Evropě
V roce 2010 vzniklo ve skupině zemí EU28 a Norsku celkem asi 2 500 milionů tun odpadů. Zde je znázorněno, odkud tyto odpady pocházely a z čeho se skládaly.
Europas affaldsstrømme
I alt blev der i 2010 genereret ca. 2 500 mio. tons affald i EU-28 og Norge. Nedenfor ses en oversigt over, hvor affaldet kom fra, og hvad det bestod af.
Europas Abfallströme
Ingesamt wurden 2010 in den EU-28 und Norwegen 2500 Mio. Tonnen Abfall erzeugt. Die Übersicht zeigt, woher der Abfall stammt und wie er sich zusammensetzt.
Οι ροές αποβλήτων της Ευρώπης
Συνολικά, περίπου 2 500 εκατομμύρια τόνοι αποβλήτων δημιουργήθηκαν στις 28 χώρες της ΕΕ και τη Νορβηγία το 2010. Ακολουθεί μια επισκόπηση της προέλευσης και της σύνθεσης των αποβλήτων.
Flujos de residuos de Europa
En total, la Europa de los Veintiochoy Noruega generaroncerca 2 500 millones de toneladas de residuos en 2010. He aquí una visión general de la procedencia y la composición de los residuos.
Euroopa jäätmevood
EL 28 liikmesriigis ja Norras tekitati 2010. aastal kokku umbes 2500 miljonit tonni jäätmeid. Allpool on esitatud ülevaade sellest, kust need jäätmed pärinesid ja millest need koosnesid.
Euroopan jätevirrat
EU-28:ssa ja Norjassa syntyi vuonna 2010 yhteensä noin 2 500 miljoonaa tonnia jätettä. Ohessa on esitetty, mistä jätteet olivat peräisin ja mistä ne muodostuivat.
Les flux de déchets en Europe
Au total, près de 2 500 millions de tonnes de déchets ont été générés dans l’UE-28 et en Norvège en 2010. Voici une vue d’ensemble de l’origine des déchets et de leur composition.
Putevi otpada u Europi
U EU-28 i Norveškoj ukupno je proizvedeno otprilike 2500 milijuna tona otpada 2010. godine. U nastavku se nalazi pregled izvora otpada i sastava tog otpada.
Hulladékáramlás Európában
2010-ben az EU 28 tagállamában és Norvégiában összesen körülbelül 2500 millió tonna hulladék keletkezett. Itt annak áttekintését láthatja, hogy a hulladék honnan származott és miből állt.
Úrgangsstraumur Evrópu
Það mynduðust samtals 2500 milljónir tonn af úrgangi í ESB-28 og Noregi árið 2010. Eftirfarandi er yfirlit yfir það hvaðan úrgangurinn kom og hverju hann samanstóð af.
Il flusso dei rifiuti in Europa
Complessivamente, circa 2 500 milioni di tonnellate di rifiuti sono stati prodotti nell’UE-28 e in Norvegia nel 2010. Ecco una panoramica della loro provenienza e composizione.
Atlieku srautai Europoje
ES-28 ir Norvegijoje 2010 m. iš viso susidare 2 500 milijonu tonu atlieku. Cia apžvelgiama iš kur atsiranda atliekos ir kas jas sudaro.
Eiropas atkritumu plūsmas
ES-28 valstīs un Norvēģijā kopā 2010. gadā tika radīts aptuveni 2500 miljoni tonnu atkritumu. Lūk, pārskats par atkritumu avotiem un to sastāvu!