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Consumption and the environment — 2012 update
Update to the European Environment State and Outlook 2010 (SOER 2010) thematic assessment
Share of global exports
Share of world exports evolution (1980 to 2009) for selected export regions or countries
Shift in trade partner
Top five partners in trade of China, the European Union, the United States and Sub-Saharan Africa for 2006 and projections for 2050
The weight of trade
Trend of exports as a percentage of gross domestic product
Total exports of used textiles by region, 2000, 2010 and 2019, percent by weight
Trade between Western and Central Europe and South Eastern Europe (WCE + SEE), and EECCA, 2000 and 2005
Price development of plastic, paper and glass waste
This figure shows the development in unit price on a monthly basis of plastic, paper and glass waste from January 2000 to December 2011. The prices are calculated as weighted averages of a number of sub waste fractions for export both within and out of the EU.
Top net trade displacements of land use
Top ten net displacements of land use globally (exports minus imports), with the arrows indicating the direction of product flow. For this trade analysis, the countries of the world were aggregated into 11 regions, color coded on the map. Units are in million gha per year.
Top net trade displacements of land use
Top ten net displacements of land use globally (exports minus imports), with the arrows indicating the direction of product flow. For this trade analysis, the countries of the world were aggregated into 11 regions, color coded on the map. Units are in million gha per year.
EU-15 imports from EECCA, 1992-2004
Trade balance for food, clothing and electric and electronic goods by weight
The graph shows the trade flows of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) products, food products and clothing between EU-27 and the rest of the world in 2012. Food trade includes live animals. Data for food refer to 2010.
EU exports of used textiles to other regions, 2000, 2010 and 2019, percent
Exports and imports of primary plastics to and from EU’s five largest trade partners in 2018
The map show the trade flow of primary plastics between EU-28 and the most important trade partners for each category. Arrows outbound from EU-28 shows exported value and inbound show imported value.
Exports of used textiles to the rest of the world, EU-28, 2000-2019, by weight (million tonnes)
EU exports of used textiles in Europe’s circular economy
Textiles are on average the fourth-highest source of pressure on the environment and climate change from a European consumption perspective, as shown in previous EEA briefings. Europe faces major challenges managing used textiles, including textiles waste. As reuse and recycling capacities in Europe are limited, a large share of used textiles collected in the EU is traded and exported to Africa and Asia, and their fate is highly uncertain. The common public perception of used clothing donations as generous gifts to people in need does not fully match reality.
Foreign trade (volumes) - imports and exports
Foreign trade (volumes) - imports and exports - Exports
Growth of world trade
Largest European trade import flows and global climate change vulnerability
The map shows the estimated climate vulnerability, and the EU imports from outside the EU (largest import countries only)
Effect of the EU Emission Trading Scheme in 2010
Effect of the EU ETS = [cap allowed by the Commission for 2008-2012] [average verified emissions in 2005-2007]
The plastic waste trade in the circular economy
Europe is at crossroads regarding its management of plastic, plastic waste and the plastic waste trade. Rapidly growing amounts of plastic have negative environmental and climate impacts. Plastic and plastic waste are traded worldwide. Exporting plastic waste from the EU to Asia is a means of dealing with insufficient recycling capacities in the EU. Waste import restrictions in China have shifted exports to other countries. Because some types of plastic waste have been added to the United Nations Basel Convention, the option of exporting plastic waste is becoming increasingly difficult. This requires policymakers, business and other actors to build a more robust and circular economy for plastic in Europe.