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Energy and environment in the European Union - Tracking progress towards integration
Indicator-based report to measure progress of environmental integration within the energy sector.
Total external costs and transport subsidies found for EU-15
The numbers for subsidies comprise on-budget subsidies, annual public funding of infrastructure and exemptions from or reductions to fuel tax and VAT
Transport subsidies by mode
The large error bar on road infrastructure subsidies illustrates the two different definitions mentioned above
Indicative estimate of the distribution of energy subsidies in the EU-15, 2001
Fossil fuel subsidies in the 27 EU Member States, 2015-2022
The trend in the amount of fossil fuel subsidies in the 27 EU Member States
Fossil fuel subsidies in EU Member States, 2015 and 2022 (in 2022 prices)
The development of fossil fuel subsidies in EU Member States, i.e. the trend between 2015 and 2022.
Energy support measures and their impact on innovation in the renewable energy sector in Europe
Governments support energy production and consumption in order to meet social, economic and environmental objectives, and they have been doing so for decades. In times of economic crisis, public budgets and household incomes come under pressure. At the same time, countries need to kick‑start their economies by creating new employment opportunities in emerging industries such as the renewable sector. This report examines the support allocated to energy production and consumption in Europe and its impact on innovation in renewable energy.
EEA Technical report 8/2005 - Market-based instruments for environmental policy in Europe
Fossil fuel subsidies in Europe
The 8th Environment Action Programme calls for fossil fuel subsidies to be phased out without delay. Subsidies were stable from 2015-2021, yet more than doubled in 2022 due to high energy prices post-COVID and Russia's invasion of Ukraine, subsequently falling to EUR 111 billion in 2023. While a significant part of fossil fuel subsidies are due to be phased out by 2030, these are largely crisis measures. The EU is likely not on track to make notable progress by 2030, as most Member States lack concrete plans to phase out the significant fossil fuel subsidies that remain.