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Designated terrestrial protected areas in Europe
By the end of 2023, protected areas covered 26.4% of European Union land, with 18.6% of EU land designated as Natura 2000 sites and 7.8% under other complementary national designations. The EU biodiversity strategy for 2030 sets out a target of protecting at least 30% of EU land by 2030, while ensuring that all protected areas are managed effectively. The area reported as protected has steadily increased since 2011, by 1.8 percentage points, yet the pace of designation needs to more than double for the EU to meet the 30% target.
Building a coherent Trans-European Nature Network
Despite a strong policy framework and significant efforts by Member States (MSs) to halt biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation in Europe, the conservation status of protected species and habitats continues to decline along with the provision of ecosystem services. The new EU biodiversity strategy to 2030 addresses this decline with a plan to ‘build a truly coherent Trans-European Nature Network’. This will be built on the existing Natura 2000 network by analysing the potential connectivity between Natura 2000 sites using green infrastructure (GI) landscape elements important for delivering ecosystem services.
10 messages for 2010 — protected areas
This report explores the historical trends, most recent progress and projected future progress on climate change mitigation through reduced GHG emissions, renewable energy gains and improved energy efficiency. It builds upon data reported by the EU-27 Member States, five EEA member countries and nine Contracting Parties of the Energy Community. This message is the 2nd in a series of '10 messages for 2010'. Each message provides a short assessment focusing on a specific ecosystem or issue related to biodiversity in Europe. The remaining messages will be published at various intervals throughout 2010. More detailed information on the published and upcoming messages.
Terrestrial protected area coverage by country and in the EU-27 by end of 2021
Share of HNV farmland per utilised agricultural area (UAA)
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Share of terrestrial area designated at national level under various IUCN categories overlapping with Natura 2000
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Share of terrestrial protected areas in mountainous, coastal and lowland inland area per country
Coastal areas defined as within 0–15 km, Mountain regions as defined by the European Environment Agency (2010). In several countries, part of the coastal areas are also mountainous. Countries are ordered according to the percentage of each country covered by mountains.
Share of the extent of designated areas in four EEA countries
This diagramme shows the range of surface area covered by nationally designated areas in four different and contrasting EEA member countries. Bulgaria has 80% of its protected areas under 100 ha and none over 1000ha whereas Greece has 94% of its protected areas above 100ha and 7% over 10 000 ha. Italy and Poland show the largest range of size of protected area between less than 1 ha and more than 10 000 ha
Spatial connectivity of Natura 2000 sites across political boundaries in different parts of the European Union
The map reflects the likely degree of spatial connectivity of Natura 2000 sites across 34 terrestrial political borders of the EU, measured as a quantified proportion of Natura 2000 sites on both sides of a boundary against total border length. A thick line reflects a likely poor spatial connectivity while a thin line reflects a likely good spatial connectivity.
Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in Estonia (only terrestrial part), all IUCN categories considered
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Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in Hungary, IUCN categories I to IV
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Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in Hungary, all IUCN categories
The map reflects the spatial combination of sites designated under national instruments and Natura 2000 sites. In Hungary there is an important overlap between Natura 2000 sites and nationally designated sites, however Natura 2000 also extend beyond these (little light green on the map). There are also a large proportion of nationally designated sites under IUCN V and VI which are not designated as Natura 2000 as reflected by extend of blue colour on the map
Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in France (only terrestrial part) under IUCN categories I to IV
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Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in France (only terrestrial part) under all IUCN categories
The map reflects the spatial combination of sites designated under national instruments and Natura 2000 sites. In France Natura 2000 extends significantly beyond existing national designations, as shown by the extend of light green on the map. As compared to the map showing the overlap with only IUCN categories I to IV, its is obvious that, particularly in th South-eastern part of France, several Natura 2000 sites overlap with nationally designated sites under categories V and VI. There are also a large part of nationally designated sites under IUCN V and VI which are not designated as Natura 2000 as reflected by the blue dots on the map.
Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in Austria under IUCN categories I to IV
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Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in Austria under all IUCN categories
The map reflects the spatial combination of sites designated under national instruments and Natura 2000 sites. In Austria there is an important overlap between Natura 2000 sites and nationally designated sites, however Natura 2000 also extend beyond these (little light green on the map). There are also a large proportion of nationally designated sites under IUCN V and VI which are not designated as Natura 2000 as reflected by extend of blue colour on the map
Special Protection Areas classified for the crane (Grus grus) across EU
The map shows the distribution of Natura 2000 sites designated across the EU for the Crane under the Birds Directive, highlighting the importance for a European network of protected areas to take into consideration the various needs of a migratory species for its life cycle, specifically for breeding, staging and wintering.
Special protection areas (SPAs) established under the EU birds directive (EU-25)
As declared by Member States in the Standard Data Form (COM 97/266/EC)
Special protection areas under the EU Birds Directive in the Alpine Biogeographical Region
Special Protection Areas under the EU Birds Directive in the Macaronesian Biogeographical Region
State of progress by Member States in designating sufficient protected areas to provide for Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) Annex I habitats and Annex II species
The figure shows the state of progress by Member States in designating sufficient protected areas to provide for Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) Annex I habitats and Annex II species Marine areas are excluded
Status of fish stocks in the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) fishing regions of Europe
The chart shows the proportion of assessed stocks that are overfished (red) and stocks within safe biological limits (blue). The numbers in the circles indicate the number of stocks assessed within the given region. The size of the circles is proportional to the magnitude of the regional catch.
Ten most frequently reported pressures by Member States for marine species according to 2001–2006 Article 17 reports under the Habitats Directive
This diagram shows the number of marine species affected by pressures reported by 40% of EU countries where these species occur.
The Natura 2000 and the Emerald networks
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