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A framework for enabling circular business models in Europe
The circular economy has become a priority policy topic in Europe (EC, 2015, 2020) and is a key objective of the European Green Deal. There is increasing interest in the potential for altering traditional business models to enable materials and products to be reused and remain in the economy for as long as possible — as opposed to being used once and then discarded. This briefing presents an analytical framework, identifying actions that can be taken to implement circular business models effectively.
Overview of the notified State Aid programmes
Overview of the notified State Aid programmes over the period 2006–2015 for all hazards covered (left); and for floods only (right)
Monitoring and evaluation of national adaptation policies throughout the policy cycle
The Global Goal on Adaptation aims to enhance adaptive capacity, strengthen resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change. Given the impact of climate-related hazards, the question is not whether adaptation is necessary, but what are the adaptation options to increase resilience.