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Assessment of ground-level ozone in EEA member countries, with a focus on long-term trends
European countries have significantly reduced anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursor gases since 1990. In general, however, ambient air measurements in urban and rural areas of Europe do not show any downward trends in ground-level ozone. The main purpose of this report is to shed light on possible reasons.
Air pollution in Europe 1990-2004
Sector contributions of ozone precursor emissions (EEA member countries)
The contribution made by different sectors to emissions of the tropospheric (ground-level) ozone precursors.
Sectoral shares of tropospheric ozone precursors (energy and non-energy components) in total emissions, EU-27.
The emissions of ozone precursors (NOx, NMVOC, CO and CH4) are each weighted by an ozone formation factor prior to aggregation to represent their respective ozone forming potentials. The relative impact of the combined contribution of NOx, NMVOC, CO and CH4 to ozone formation can be assessed based on their tropospheric ozone forming potentials (TOFP): nitrogen oxides 1.22, non-methane volatile organic compounds 1.0, carbon monoxide 0.11 and methane 0.014.
Change in energy-related emissions of ozone precursors by country, 1990-2008
The graph shows the change in energy-related emissions of ozone precursors (NOx, NMVOC, CO and CH4) each weighted by an ozone formation factor prior to aggregation to represent their respective ozone forming potentials. The relative impact of the combined contribution of NOx, NMVOC, CO and CH4 to ozone formation can be assessed based on their tropospheric ozone forming potentials (TOFP): nitrogen oxides 1.22, non-methane volatile organic compounds 1.0, carbon monoxide 0.11 and methane 0.014 (de Leeuw 2002).
Contribution of different sectors (energy and non-energy) to total emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors, 2008, EEA-32
The figure shows the emission of NOx, NMVOC, CO and CH4 in 2008
Overall change in emissions of ozone precursors by country, 1990-2007
The graph shows the change in energy-related emissions of ozone precursors (NOx, NMVOC, CO and CH4) each weighted by an ozone formation factor prior to aggregation to represent their respective ozone forming potentials. The relative impact of the combined contribution of NOx, NMVOC, CO and CH4 to ozone formation can be assessed based on their tropospheric ozone forming potentials (TOFP): nitrogen oxides 1.22, non-methane volatile organic compounds 1.0, carbon monoxide 0.11 and methane 0.014 (de Leeuw 2002).
Change in emissions of ozone precursors (NOx and NMVOC only) compared with the 2010 NECD and Gothenburg protocol targets
Gothenburg protocol targets are shown for the non-EU countries
Change in ozone precursors emissions for each sector and pollutant between 1990 and 2006
No data available for Iceland.
Changes (%) in emissions of ozone precursors by sector, 1990-2009, EEA-32
The figure shows the emissions methane CH4; carbon monoxide CO; non-methane volatile organic compounds NMVOCs; and nitrogen oxides NOx.
Changes (%) in emissions of ozone precursors by source category, 1990-2007, EEA-32 (weighted by tropospheric ozone forming potential)
The graph above shows the emissions of ozone precursors (methane CH4; carbon monoxide CO; non-methane volatile organic compounds NMVOCs; and nitrogen oxides NOx) each weighted by a factor prior to aggregation to represent their respective tropospheric ozone formation potential (TOFP). The TOFP factors are: NOx 1.22, NMVOC 1, CO 0.11 and CH4 0.014 (de Leeuw 2002). Results are expressed in NMVOC equivalents (kilotonnes - kt). Data not available for Iceland (emissions of CO, NMVOC, NOx were not reported) and Malta (CO). 'Energy combustion' includes all energy-related emissions minus fugitive.
Contribution to total change in ozone precursors emissions for each sector and pollutant
'Contribution to change' plots show the contribution to the total emission change between 1990-2006 made by a specified sector/ pollutant
Distance-to-target for EEA member countries
The 'distance to target' results are shown in light yellow (countries need to do more to be on track to meet their ceiling in 2010) and green (countries are on track to meet their ceiling in 2010)
Sector split of emissions of ozone-precursor pollutants
Emissions by sector of ozone precursors
Due to numerical rounding, values may not add exactly to 100%
Emissions of ozone precursors
The 'with measures' (WM) projections reported by Member States take into account currently implemented and adopted policies and measures