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Building a coherent Trans-European Nature Network

Despite a strong policy framework and significant efforts by Member States (MSs) to halt biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation in Europe, the conservation status of protected species and habitats continues to decline along with the provision of ecosystem services. The new EU biodiversity strategy to 2030 addresses this decline with a plan to ‘build a truly coherent Trans-European Nature Network’. This will be built on the existing Natura 2000 network by analysing the potential connectivity between Natura 2000 sites using green infrastructure (GI) landscape elements important for delivering ecosystem services.

Management effectiveness in the EU's Natura 2000 network of protected areas

The strategic plan of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) for the period 2011-2020 is coming to an end. During this time, the EU has been delivering on the CBD via its own biodiversity strategy. In preparation of a new global strategic framework, the management effectiveness of European protected areas needs to be improved. The new EU biodiversity strategy for 2030 commits to ‘Effectively manage all protected areas, defining clear conservation objectives and measures, and monitoring them appropriately’ by 2030 (EC, 2020). This briefing shows that to improve management effectiveness, complete implementation on the EU Birds and Habitats Directives is essential. It also brings together results from a study into options for reporting, collating and assessing protected area management effectiveness with a view to informing the new global strategic framework.

Share of country designated as terrestrial protected area and the overlap between Natura 2000 or Emerald sites and national designations

The overlap for Norway and Switzerland relates to Emerald Network sites. For all other countries the overlap relates to Natura 2000 sites. Statistics on national designations are based on data reported by EEA countries to the Nationally designated areas (CDDA) database.

Terrestrial protected area coverage by country and in the EU-27 by end of 2021

Share of terrestrial area designated at national level under various IUCN categories overlapping with Natura 2000

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Spatial connectivity of Natura 2000 sites across political boundaries in different parts of the European Union

The map reflects the likely degree of spatial connectivity of Natura 2000 sites across 34 terrestrial political borders of the EU, measured as a quantified proportion of Natura 2000 sites on both sides of a boundary against total border length. A thick line reflects a likely poor spatial connectivity while a thin line reflects a likely good spatial connectivity.

Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in Estonia (only terrestrial part), all IUCN categories considered

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Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in Hungary, all IUCN categories

The map reflects the spatial combination of sites designated under national instruments and Natura 2000 sites. In Hungary there is an important overlap between Natura 2000 sites and nationally designated sites, however Natura 2000 also extend beyond these (little light green on the map). There are also a large proportion of nationally designated sites under IUCN V and VI which are not designated as Natura 2000 as reflected by extend of blue colour on the map

Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in France (only terrestrial part) under IUCN categories I to IV

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Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in France (only terrestrial part) under all IUCN categories

The map reflects the spatial combination of sites designated under national instruments and Natura 2000 sites. In France Natura 2000 extends significantly beyond existing national designations, as shown by the extend of light green on the map. As compared to the map showing the overlap with only IUCN categories I to IV, its is obvious that, particularly in th South-eastern part of France, several Natura 2000 sites overlap with nationally designated sites under categories V and VI. There are also a large part of nationally designated sites under IUCN V and VI which are not designated as Natura 2000 as reflected by the blue dots on the map.

Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in Austria under IUCN categories I to IV

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Spatial overlap between Natura 2000 and nationally designated sites in Austria under all IUCN categories

The map reflects the spatial combination of sites designated under national instruments and Natura 2000 sites. In Austria there is an important overlap between Natura 2000 sites and nationally designated sites, however Natura 2000 also extend beyond these (little light green on the map). There are also a large proportion of nationally designated sites under IUCN V and VI which are not designated as Natura 2000 as reflected by extend of blue colour on the map

Special Protection Areas classified for the crane (Grus grus) across EU

The map shows the distribution of Natura 2000 sites designated across the EU for the Crane under the Birds Directive, highlighting the importance for a European network of protected areas to take into consideration the various needs of a migratory species for its life cycle, specifically for breeding, staging and wintering.

The Natura 2000 and the Emerald networks

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The Natura 2000 network across biogeographical regions, status July 2008

Awareness of the Natura 2000 Network

In 2007, 80% of EU citizens have never heard of the Natura 2000 network.

National coastal zones covered by Natura2000 sites (2005)

National percentage of area covered by Natura 2000 sites inside and outside mountains by country, and of area covered by mountains

The graph shows a comparison at national level of percentage of area covered by Natura2000 sites inside and outside mountains, as well as the percentage of mountainous areas by country.

Birds and Habitats Directives in Europe (Natura 2000)

Protected areas in Europe

Natura 2000 sites: Biogeographical regions

Data: 2011

Natura2000 areas in coastal zones and inland (2005)

Overlay of the Natura 2000 network with fragmentation geometry FG-A2 'Major and medium anthropogenic fragmentation', showing Spain and Portugal as an example

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Percentage of coastal surface covered by Natura 2000 designated areas

Refers to 10 km zone for terrestrial and for marine side, respectively.

Percentage of marine waters covered by Natura 2000

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Percentage of Natura 2000 site area not protected under national instruments per EU Member State

Percentage of Natura 2000 site area not protected under national instruments per EU Member State