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10 messages for 2010 — marine ecosystems
Marine ecosystems provide key services both globally and locally, which are essential for maintaining life on our planet. However, marine biodiversity faces an unprecedented range of pressures. In recent years climate change has caused changes in species distribution and presents new challenges for marine biodiversity as oceans become more acidic.
Statistically significant trends of ocean colour intensity 1998–2009
The figure shows statistically significant trends of ocean colour intensity 1998–2009 at the 95 % confidence level (Mann–Kendall test)
Status of fish stocks and catch quotas in relation to MSY
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Status of fish stocks in relation to Good Environmental Status
This figure shows the proportion of assessed stocks per regional sea that are in Good Environmental Status (GES), as described in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
Times series of observed ocean pH in the waters around the Canary Islands
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Times series of observed ocean pH in the waters around the Canary Islands
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Trends in annual mean total nitrogen concentrations in European seas
The map shows trends per station in total nitrogen concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed during the years 1990-2017.
Trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations in Europe’s transitional, coastal and marine waters, 1980-2021
Trends in concentrations of nitrogen (dissolved inorganic nitrogen—DIN) and phosphorus (orthophosphate) in the upper 10m of the water column in European seas during the season of low phytoplankton growth (SLPG) are shown for the period 1980-2021. Green circles indicate stations with significant (p<0.05) decreasing trends; orange circles show stations with significant (p<0.05) increasing trends; and grey circles show stations with no significant trends. In these cases, p is a statistical term describing the probability that the trend is significant.
Trend in winter oxidized nitrogen concentrations in coastal and open waters of the Baltic, North East Atlantic (Greater North Sea, Celtic Seas) and Mediterranean Sea (Adriatic Sea), 1985 - 2010
The figure shows trend in winter oxidized nitrogen (nitrate + nitrite) concentrations in coastal and open waters of the Baltic, North East Atlantic (Greater North Sea, Celtic Seas) and Mediterranean Sea (Adriatic Sea) (% of stations showing a statistically significant change within the period 1985-2010). Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of stations included in the analysis for each country. "Open sea" is the total of all off-shore stations (>20km) within a (sub)region.
Change in winter oxidized nitrogen concentrations in coastal and open waters of the North East Atlantic, Baltic, Mediterranean and North Seas
The figure shows change in winter oxidized nitrogen concentrations in coastal and open waters of the North East Atlantic, Baltic, Mediterranean and North Seas, 1985–2008
Trends in summer/autumn oxygen concentrations in the water column near the seafloor
The map shows trends per station in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the water column near the seafloor, observed in summer/autumn of the years 1990-2017. Purple: significant decrease; green: significant increase; grey: no significant trend. Small symbols: ≤10 years of data; large symbols: >10 years of data.
Winter dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NH4 + NO3 + NO2) concentration observed in European seas, 2013-2017
The map shows dissolved dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) (NH4 + NO3 + NO2) concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed in winter of the years 2013-2017.
Number of time series available showing increasing, decreasing or no trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations for each regional sea during the period 2017-2021
The different sea regions are presented in the Y axis. The X axis corresponds to the number of time series with statistically significant decreasing trends (green), increasing trends (orange) and no trends (grey). Statistical significance at p<0.05.
Trends in summer chlorophyll concentrations in European Seas, 1990-2017
The map shows trends per station in chlorophyll concentrations per station in the upper 10 m of the water column, as observed during summer in the years 1990-2017. Red: significant increase; Green: significant decrease; Grey: no significant trend. Small symbols: ≤10 years of data; Large symbols: >10 years of data.
Observed changes in winter orthophosphate (PO4) concentrations, 1985–2010
The map shows stations with a statistically significant decrease (green), increase (red) or no trend (yellow) in winter ortophosphate concentrationswithin the period 1985-2010. Selected stations must have at least data in the period from 2007 to present and at least 5 years data in all.
Observed changes in winter oxidised nitrogen (NO2 and NO3) concentrations, 1985–2010
The map shows stations with a statistically significant decrease (green), increase (red) or no trend (yellow) in winter oxidised nitrogen concentrations within the period 1985-2010. Selected stations must have at least data in the period from 2007 to present and at least 5 years data in all.
Trends in winter mean orthophosphate concentrations in European seas
The map shows the trends per station in orthophosphate (PO4) concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed during winter of the years 1990-2017.
Trends in winter mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in European seas
The map shows trends per station in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed in European Seas during winter time during the period 1990-2017.
Off-shore wind energy production and relative share of off‑shore wind energy production by country
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Proportion of coastal waters (0 to 1 nm from the coast) of the Greater North Sea including Kattegat and the English Channel covered by Natura 2000 sites
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Regional sea characteristics
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Estimates of the extent of hypoxia and anoxia in Autumn 2007.
Hypoxia = oxygen content less than 2 ml/l Anoxia = oxygen content nil; often with presence of hydrogen sulphide-which reacts with oxygen to produce sulphate
Fish catches by the EU-27, 1950–2008 (tonnes) for different categories of fish and invertebrates
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Annual number of accidents (with > 7 tonnes of oil spilt) and volume of oil spilt in EU‑25 for accidental oil spills where > 7 tonnes of oil was spilt
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Hazardous substances in mussels and oysters in Europe's seas
There is one map for each of the contaminants measured in mussels and oysters, which are representative of the hazardous substances in marine organisms. In the map, each of the small dots represents a station (a location which is regularly monitored), coloured according to estimated concentration levels (low/moderate/high relative to environmental thresholds). The big pie diagrams show, for each region, the proportion of stations that have low/moderate/high concentration levels. The arrow by each pie diagram shows whether concentrations are in general improving (decreasing concentrations) or show no significant change. There were no cases of increasing trends.