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EEA SIGNALS 2019 - Land and soil in Europe
We cannot live without healthy land and soil. It is on land that we produce most of our food and we build our homes. For all species — animals and plants living on land or water — land is vital. Soil — one of the essential components of land — is a very complex and often undervalued element, teeming with life. Unfortunately, the way we currently use land and soil in Europe and in the world is not sustainable. This has significant impacts on life on land.
10 messages for 2010 — Mountain ecosystems
European mountain regions provide essential ecosystem services for lowlands and host a great diversity of habitats and species, many adapted to specific extreme climatic conditions. Mountain ecosystems are fragile and vulnerable, and face severe threats from land abandonment, intensifying agriculture, impacts of infrastructure development, unsustainable exploitation and climate change.
Artificial meat and the environment
An appealing innovation with highly uncertain potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enable more sustainable use of natural resources.
Share of HNV farmland per utilised agricultural area (UAA)
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Share of land-cover types in Europe: total area (left); artificial surfaces (right)(results for 36 countries in Corine land cover 2006 data set)
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Soil sealing and population density in the capitals of EEA countries and the Western Balkans
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Arable land and permanent crops land cover change in the EEA-39, 2000-2018
The map shows the loss and gain of arable land and permanent crops aggregated in a 10 km grid. The following CLC classes were used: 211 Non-irrigated arable land, 212 Permanently irrigated land, 213 Rice fields, 221 Vineyards, 222 Fruit trees and berry plantations, 223 Olive groves, 241 Annual crops associated with permanent crops.
Spatial pattern of land take in the EEA-39, 2000-2018
Land take as a result of urban sprawl is measured from the Copernicus Corine Land Cover dataset between 2000-2018. The map shows for each grid cell the area in km2 which was converted to urban areas. For visualization land take data is presented in a 10km grid. The original data which statistics are derived from is from the 100m spatial resolution CLC dataset series.
Spatial pattern of net land take in EEA-39 in the period 2000-2018
Net land take as a result of urban sprawl is measured from the Copernicus Corine Land Cover dataset between 2000-2018. The map shows for each grid cell the area in km² which was covered with sealed surfaces. For visualisation land take data is presented in a 10km grid.
The natural susceptibility for soils to compaction
The map shows the natural soil susceptibility to compaction
Urban land-use classes in sea‑level rise and surge‑prone areas
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Vanishing open landscape in the East Carpathians Biosphere Reserve, Slovakia
Land use development of the East Carpathians Biosphere Reserve in 3 time series (1949, 1987, 2003) identified from aerial photographs
Variations in topsoil organic carbon content across Europe
The map shows the percentage of organic carbon content in the surface horizon of soils in Europe. The darker regions correspond to soils with high values of organic carbon. The darkest colours, especially in Estonia, Fennoscandinavia, Ireland and the United Kingdom, denote peatlands.
Woodland creation
This map shows spatial distribution and intensity of woodland creation (lcf61 Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation and lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation) over the territory in period 2006-2012.
Change in six major land cover types in the EEA-39 during the period 2000-2018
The chart shows the periodical change of land cover classes, expressed in km2 and calculated as a yearly value.
Net land-cover changes 2000–2006 in Europe – total area change in hectares and percentage change
The figure shows the net land-cover changes 2000–2006 in Europe, total area change in hectares and percentage change.
Organic agricultural land coverage in Europe, 1985-2015
The figure presents organic agricultural land area in Europe in the period 1985-2017.
Projected estimate of exposure to flood for artificial land-use classes
Projected estimate of exposure to flood for artificial land-use classes
Projected impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems
The maps show projected impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems: forest cover gain, shrub/woodland cover gain, herbaceous cover gain, desert amelioration, grass/tree cover loss, forest/woodland decline, forest type change, according to 2 climate scenarios (SRES B1 and SRES A2).
Projected life cycle land use of fossil, nuclear and renewable electricity systems in 2030 (m2/GJel)
The graph illustrates that energy systems differ in the extent and complexity of their impacts by presenting the projected life cycle land use of fossil, nuclear and renewable electricity systems in 2030. To understand the implications of increased bioenergy production, it is important to recognise that the land used for energy cropping is a natural resource, comprising soil, minerals, water and biota. Where bioenergy involves energy cropping it often necessitates changes to land use, with significant implications for related systems as well Other renewable technologies do also use some land and so do fossil and nuclear systems but the area is comparatively small. Nevetheless these technologies have other limitations.
Projections of arable land use
Proportion of forest land in private ownership
Към устойчиво управление на земята и почвата
Земята и почвата на Европа са подложени на редица видове натиск, включително разрастване на градските райони, замърсяване от селското стопанство и промишлеността, запечатване на почвата, разпокъсване на ландшафта, недостатъчна диверсификация на културите, ерозия на почвата и екстремни метеорологични явления, свързани с изменението на климата. По-екологичните градове с по-чисти енергийни и транспортни системи, екологосъобразната инфраструктура, свързваща зелени площи, и по-малко интензивните устойчиви селскостопански практики могат да спомогнат за повишаване на устойчивостта на използването на земята и здравето на почвите в Европа.
Почвата и Целите за устойчиво развитие на ООН
Много глобални политически рамки, включително Целите за устойчиво развитие (ЦУР) на ООН, пряко и косвено засягат земята и почвата. Много от тези ЦУР не могат да бъдат постигнати без здрави почви и устойчиво използване на земята. По-долу е представен преглед на ЦУР, които са тясно свързани с почвата.
Půda a Cíle udržitelného rozvoje Organizace spojených národů
Mnoho globálních politických rámců, včetně Cílů udržitelného rozvoje OSN, se přímo i nepřímo zabývá krajinou a půdou. Mnoho z těchto cílů nelze dosáhnout bez zdravé půdy a udržitelného využívání krajiny. Níže je uveden přehled Cílů udržitelného rozvoje se silnými vazbami na půdu.