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Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe 2009
Tracking progress towards Kyoto targets
Non-ETS projections in the EU‑15 compared to different target scenarios
The average non‑ETS target corresponds to the average annual permissible in the sectors not covered by the EU ETS, calculated as the initial EU‑15 assigned amount minus the amount of allowances to be allocated under the EU ETS over the full commitment period. Permissible emissions can be calculated to take into account the use of carbon sinks and flexible mechanisms, which will increase the EU‑15 assigned amount. Excluding the overdelivery projected by Member States results in lowering permissible emissions.
Projected gaps between 2020 GHG emissions and national targets in the sectors not covered by the EU ETS
Based on preliminary estimates and calculations by EEA. Data may change in 2012 pending on the publication of 2012 GHG emission inventories and on further comments from Member States concerning ETS scope corrections. Progress calculated based on domestic emissions only, without accounting for possible use of flexibilities. Relative gaps estimated by dividing the difference between projected non‑ETS 2020 emissions and estimates of 2020 targets under the Effort Sharing Decision by EEA estimates of 2005 non‑ETS emissions (for a scope consistent with the 2013–2020 period, i.e. taking into account the changes in scope of the EU ETS, in particular installations opted out in 2005 and included in the ETS in 2008–2012, and the extension of the ETS scope from 2013 onwards).
ETS and non-ETS emission trends in the EU‑15 compared to respective targets, 2008–2010
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Gap between average 2008–2009 total GHG emissions and Kyoto targets (without the use of carbon sinks and flexible mechanisms)
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Gap between average 2008–2009 total GHG emissions and Kyoto targets (with and without the use of carbon sinks and flexible mechanisms)
The assessment is based on average 2008–2009 emissions and the planned use of flexible mechanisms as well as the expected effect of LULUCF activities. For each country, the top bar represents the gap between domestic emissions and the Kyoto target, while the bar below includes the planned effect of Kyoto mechanisms and carbon sinks. A positive value indicates a country for which average 2008 and 2009 non-ETS emissions were lower than the annual target. Based on the actual Swiss emissions for 2008 and 2009 and projections for the remaining years of the first commitment period, the Swiss government decided on 10 June 2011 to increase its use of flexible mechanisms to meet the Kyoto target.
Gap between average 2008–2010 non‑ETS emissions and Kyoto targets (with and without the use of carbon sinks and flexible mechanisms)
The gap refers to the average 2008–2009 non-ETS emissions because no approximated 2010 GHG emissions are available.
Gaps between 2008–2010 GHG emissions and targets for the sectors not covered by the EU ETS (without the use of carbon sinks and flexible mechanisms)
A positive value indicates that average 2008–2010 emissions in the non-ETS sectors were lower than the average annual target, taking into account the effect of allowances attributed to the EU ETS and without use of carbon sinks and Kyoto mechanisms.
Actual (2008 and 2009) and expected (2008–2012) average annual emissions and removals from LULUCF activities
A positive value indicates that the country has/expects net removals from LULUCF activities, taking into account the caps for forest management. It does not necessarily mean that the country intends to actually use RMUs to achieve its Kyoto commitment. The estimate of the actual effects of LULUCF activities might change in future years if better data becomes available.
Actual progress of the EU‑15 towards its burden-sharing target in absolute and relative terms
The X-axis (0 % line) corresponds to the achievement of the EU-15 reduction target under the Kyoto Protocol (– 8 % compared to base-year emissions). Positive values correspond to contributions to the achievement of the EU-15 Kyoto target, while negative values represent shortfalls. The difference between target and GHG emissions concerns the sectors not covered by the EU ETS, which represent the right emissions and target to consider for the assessment of actual progress towards Kyoto targets.
Gap between average 2008–2010 total GHG emissions and Kyoto targets (without the use of carbon sinks and flexible mechanisms)
* 2008–2009 average emissions (no approximated 2010 GHG emissions available for Liechtenstein. Each bar represents the gap between domestic emissions and the Kyoto target. A positive value indicates that national total emissions were lower than the Kyoto target.
Comparison of available emissions units and verified emissions for all 30 countries participating in the EU ETS
The 'change in scope/coverage' concerns the correction from 2005–2007 to 2008–2012. The large corrections for 2005 and 2006 are related to Bulgaria and Romania, which entered the scheme in 2007 only.
Credits from CDM & JI surrendered for 2008–2010
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Decomposition of current progress achieved by European countries towards their Kyoto targets by the end of 2010
A positive sign signifies a favourable contribution towards target achievement.
Difference between verified emissions and caps in all 30 countries participating in the EU ETS, 2008–2010
A positive sign indicates that verified emissions (2008, 2009, 2010 and 2008/2010 average) were higher than available allowances (i.e. the EU ETS helps the Member State to reach its Kyoto target). A negative sign indicates that verified emissions were lower than available allowances (i.e. the EU ETS does not help the Member State to reach its Kyoto target).
Intended (2008–2012) and actual (2008–2010) average annual use of the Kyoto mechanisms
Positive values indicate net acquisition of Kyoto units while negative values indicate net sales. The actual use of Kyoto mechanisms is based on the delivery of units according to the SEF table. Countries might have acquired more units than are recorded in the SEF tables, e.g. due to delivery dates later in the commitment period. For the United Kingdom, SEF tables include the overseas territories and the crown dependencies of the United Kingdom. For the purposes of the implementation of Article 4 of the KP and as they are not part of the EC, the overseas territories and the crown dependencies of the United Kingdom were excluded from the initial assigned amount of the United Kingdom under the EC. In consequence, the trade of AAUs is slightly overestimated for the United Kingdom, as SEF tables for the geographical coverage of the United Kingdom under the EC only are not available. For Denmark, Greenland is included in the SEF tables. For the purposes of the implementation of Article 4 of the KP and as Greenland is not part of the EC, Greenland was excluded from the initial assigned amount of Denmark under the EC. In consequence, the trade of AAUs is slightly overestimated for Denmark, as SEF tables for the geographical coverage of Denmark under the EC only are not available. In Switzerland, the government decided to increase the use of flexible mechanisms compared to the current figure in order to achieve the Kyoto target.
Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe 2011 - Tracking progress towards Kyoto and 2020 targets
This report presents an overview of the progress achieved so far by the EU, its Member States and other EEA member countries towards their respective targets under the Kyoto Protocol and the EU burden-sharing agreement, as well as 2020 targets set at EU level. The assessment is based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission data in Europe for the period 2008–2010, including recent EEA estimates of proxy 2010 GHG emissions.
Progress towards 2008 – 2012 Kyoto targets in Europe
This report provides an assessment of the latest progress, as of June 2014, made by EU and European countries in achieving their GHG targets during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, from 2008 until 2012.
Tracking progress towards Kyoto and 2020 targets in Europe
This report presents an overview of the progress achieved so far by the EU, its Member States and other EEA member countries towards their respective targets under the Kyoto Protocol and the EU burden-sharing agreement. The assessment is based on greenhouse gas emission data in Europe for 2008, the first year of the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period which runs from 2008 to 2012. The recent availability of 2009 emissions estimates for the EU and a limited number of countries broadens, in these cases, the basis of the assessment to two years of the five-year commitment period.