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The 2007 minimum sea-ice extent

Note: The extent of the summer sea ice in September 2007 reached a historical minimum, 39 % below the climatic average for the first two decades of satellite observations (red line)

Times series of observed ocean pH in the waters around the Canary Islands

Regional changes of mean sea ice draft in the Arctic

Note: Sea ice draft is the subsurface fraction of the ice thickness.

Estimated changes of the ice mass in Greenland 1992-2006

Note: The rectangles depict the time period of the observations (horizontal) and the upper and lower estimates of mass balance for that period (vertical), calculated by different techniques as marked with colour codes

Area of multi-year Arctic sea ice in March 1957-2007

Note: The area of thick, multi-year sea ice in the Arctic Ocean is decreasing

Average extent of arctic sea ice in March and September 1979-2007

Arctic sea ice grows to its greatest yearly size in March and melts to its lowest size in September

Change in September Arctic sea-ice extent

The 'extent' column includes the area near the pole not imaged by the sensor

Sea ice volume development

Ice break-up dates from selected European lakes and rivers (1835-2006) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index for winter 1864-2006

Time series of ice break-up dates from selected European lakes and rivers. Data smoothed with a 7-year moving average

Monthly deviations of Arctic sea ice extent

Note: Deviations relative to the monthly average of the 30 years period.