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Residential heat consumption, EU-15
Share of combined heat and power in gross electricity production in 2002
The method for data collection by Eurostat on CHP was revised in 2000 and 2002 and has tended to decrease the overall share of electricity from CHP
Share of combined heat and power in gross electricity production in 2004
The most recent available data are for 2004.In Cyprus and Malta there was no CHP generation in 2004.The share is defined as the proportion of CHP electricity production (from both private and public utilities) in total gross electricity production, including generation in pumped storage power stations
Trends in heat-related mortality incidence over 2000-2020 in Europe (annual deaths per million per decade)
The map shows the trend in heat attributable mortality incidence (annual deaths/million/decade) for the general population, 2000-2020.
The impacts of heat on health: surveillance and preparedness in Europe
This briefing outlines the status of surveillance for heat-related health impacts and heat-health actions plans in 38 European countries. It draws on a survey issued to National Public Health Institutes. It is published under the European Climate and Health Observatory initiative.
Efficiency (electricity and heat) from autoproducers conventional thermal plants, 1990, 2010
Output from conventional thermal power stations consists of gross electricity generation and also of any heat sold to third parties (combined heat and power plants) by conventional thermal public utility power stations as well as autoproducer thermal power stations. Due to inconsistencies in the Eurostat data set Bulgaria, Greece, Lithuania, Luxembourg and Norway are excluded for all years (efficiencies >100%). For Cyprus, Iceland and Malta data on autoproducers is not available, therefore they are also excluded for all years.
Efficiency (electricity and heat) from public conventional thermal plants, 1990, 2010
Output from conventional thermal power stations consists of gross electricity generation and also of any heat sold to third parties (combined heat and power plants) by conventional thermal public utility power stations as well as autoproducer thermal power stations.
Estimated impact of different factors on the reduction in emissions of CO2 from public electricity and heat production between 1990 and 2008, EEA-32
The chart shows the estimated contributions of the various factors that have affected emissions from public electricity and heat production (including public thermal power stations, nuclear power stations, hydro power plants and wind plants).
Estimated impact of different factors on the reduction in emissions of NOx from public electricity and heat production between 1990 and 2008, EEA-32
The chart shows the estimated contributions of the various factors that have affected emissions from public electricity and heat production (including public thermal power stations, nuclear power stations, hydro power plants and wind plants).
Estimated impact of different factors on the reduction in emissions of SO2 from public electricity and heat production between 1990 and 2008, EEA-32
The chart shows the estimated contributions of the various factors that have affected emissions from public electricity and heat production (including public thermal power stations, nuclear power stations, hydro power plants and wind plants).
Observed changes in warm spells and frost days indices 1976-2006
Reductions in SO2 emissions from public electricity and heat production in the EU-15
Emissions data for Luxembourg are not available and so this country is not included in the calculation for the European Union
Heat and cold — extreme heat
Much of Europe has experienced intense heatwaves since 2000, with notable impacts on human health and socio-economic systems. Extreme heat is closely linked to higher death rates and hospital admissions and generally affects the well-being and productivity of workers. The death toll for the 2003 European heatwave alone is believed to have topped 70 000 (according to the World Meteorological Organization - (WMO, 2021: WMO atlas of mortality and economic losses from weather, climate and water extremes (1970-2019)). Urban areas are especially vulnerable to increasing heat stress because of the ‘urban heat island’ effect. Extreme heat also affects transport and energy infrastructure, agriculture and biodiversity, and it increases the likelihood of wildfires.
Estimated impact of different factors on the reduction of CO2, SO2 and NOX emissions from public heat and electricity generation in the EU-25, 1990-2003
The technique used to derive the graphs is based on the multiplicative 'IPAT' and 'Kaya' identities, which is a frequently used approach for portraying the primary driving forces of emissions
EU-15 and EU-27 CO2 emissions from public electricity and heat production compared with electricity production in thermal power plants and final electricity consumption
EU-15 C02 emissions from public electricity and heat production compared with electricity production in thermal power plants and final electricity consumption
Left: This graph shows past (1990-2004) carbon dioxide emissions due to public electricity and heat production, and compares them with past and projected electricity production in thermal power plants and final electricity consumption
EU-15 CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction 1990-2004 compared with value added and energy consumption and share in total GHG emissions
Left: This graph shows past (1990-2004) and projected (2010) emissions due to energy use from manufacturing and construction industries and compares them with value added and energy use from these sectors Right: This graph represents the share of CO2 emissions from energy use by the manufacturing industries and construction in total GHG emissions in the EU-15, in 2004
Changes in heat exposure and vulnerability in Europe
Climate analysis map for the Stuttgart region, also showing so-called ventilation paths along with other climate related features
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CO2 emissions per m2 for space heating
The graph compares by country the level of CO2 emissions for space heating per m2 for 2 years : 1990 and 2008 (direct and indirect emissions). 1990 and 2008 data are climate corrected against each country’s long-term average climate, whereas the last series is climate corrected and scaled against the EU long-term average climate to account for temperature differences between countries.
CO2 reductions in EU-15 for electricity and heat production, 1990-2002
Emissions data for Luxembourg is not available and so this country is not included in the calculation for the European Union
Decomposition analysis of the main factors influencing the CO2 emissions from public electricity and heat production (1990-2005)
The orange bars show the factors that have an increasing effect on emissions and the green bars show the factors that have a reducing effect