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Rail and waterborne — best for low-carbon motorised transport

A new study commissioned by the EEA shows a clear hierarchy of passenger and freight transport modes, in terms of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Rail and waterborne transport have the lowest emissions per kilometre and unit transported, while aviation and road transport emit significantly more. Alongside shifting to rail and waterborne transport, improving the GHG efficiency of all motorised forms of transport remains an important objective. Moreover, monitoring their GHG efficiency on a regular basis would support these efforts. While active modes, such as walking and cycling, are outside the scope of the study, they are an obvious choice for clean and sustainable mobility because their emissions can be assumed to be close to zero.

Analysis of key trends and drivers in greenhouse gas emissions in the EU between 1990 and 2015

This report explores the historical trends, most recent progress and projected future progress on climate change mitigation through reduced GHG emissions, renewable energy gains and improved energy efficiency. It builds upon data reported by the EU-27 Member States, five EEA member countries and nine Contracting Parties of the Energy Community.

Trend in the status of stocks assessment and the progress made in GES assessment in the North East Atlantic and Baltic Sea since 1945

This figure shows trends in the status of assessed fish stocks between 1947 and 2017, expressed in two metrics: fishing mortality (F) and reproductive capacity (i.e. spawning stock biomass (SSB)). It reflects their average deviation relative to policy thresholds for Good Environmental Status (GES) (i.e. Fmsy and MSY B trigger respectively)*. For fishing mortality, 1 is a target (Fmsy), above which exploitation is unsustainable, while for reproductive capacity, 1 is a precautionary limit (MSY B trigger), below which there is a high risk that it is impaired.

Measures to reduce emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases: the potential for synergies

Actions taken to reduce emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases often address the same economic sectors but are reported separately under different EU legislation. This briefing presents an overview of the latest policies and measures reported by Member States to tackle air pollution, as required under the National Emission reduction Commitments (NEC) Directive. It includes an analysis of synergies with the policies reported under the Regulation on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions (Monitoring Mechanism Regulation), highlighting the importance of coherence between these domains.

Economic recovery pushed EU emissions up in 2021 but long-term trend remains positive, final data

Official data, published today by the European Environment Agency (EEA), confirm that the economic recovery in 2021 increased the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions but their level remained lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the EU has reduced its emissions by 30% since 1990.

Aggregated GHG emissions by sectors

Aggregated GHG emissions by sectors - Linechart

Changes in GHG emission trends and projections under the scope of the Effort Sharing Decision in the EU, 2005-2018, 2018-2030

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Projected progress of Member States towards their Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) targets

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Effort Sharing emission trends and projections in the EU, 2005-2030

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission trends and projections under the scope of EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), 1990-2035

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission trends and projections under the scope of EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), 1990-2035 - Legend

GHG emission trends and projections under the scope of the Effort Sharing Decision, 1990-2035

GHG emission trends and projections under the scope of the Effort Sharing Decision, 1990-2035 - Legend

GHG emission trends and projections under the scope of the Effort Sharing Decision in the EU, 2005-2030

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GHG emission trends and projections under the scope of the Effort Sharing Decision in the EU, 2005-2030 - Chart (Copy 1)

Greenhouse gas emissions by aggregated sector

Greenhouse gas emissions by aggregated sector - Percentage

Greenhouse gas emissions by aggregated sector - Legend 3

National 2020 targets under the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD)and proposed targets for 2030

Each bar represents a percentage change in the greenhouse gas emissions covered under Decision 406/2009/EC (the Effort Sharing Decision, ESD) between the 2005 base-year level and 2020 or 2030.

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Each bar represents a percentage change in the greenhouse gas emissions covered under Decision 406/2009/EC (the Effort Sharing Decision, ESD) between the 2005 base-year level and 2020 or 2030.