Search results
10 results
Sort by:
Spatial distribution of extreme temperature indicators across Europe
The maps use a colour gradient to show the number of hot summer days (Tmax > 35 °C) per year (1987-2016 average, top left), the number of combined summer days (Tmax > 30 °C) and tropical nights (Tmax > 20 °C) per year (1987-2016 average, top right), the cooling degree days per year (1990-2015 average, bottom left) and the heating degree days per year (1990-2015 average, bottom right).
Trends in warm days and cool nights across Europe
Warm days are defined as being above the 90th percentile of the daily maximum temperature and cool nights as below the 10th percentile of the daily minimum temperature (Alexander et al., 2006). Grid boxes outlined in solid black contain at least three stations and so are likely to be more representative of the grid-box. High confidence in the long-term trend is shown by a black dot. (In the maps above, this is the case for all grid boxes.) Area averaged annual time series of percentage changes and trend lines are shown below each map for one area in northern Europe (green line, 5.6 ° to 16.9 °E and 56.2 ° to 66.2 °N) and one in south-western Europe (purple line, 350.6 ° to 1.9 °E and 36.2 ° to 43.7 °N).
Trends in cool nights across Europe
How to read the map: Cool nights are defined as being below the 10th percentile of the daily minimum temperature. Grid boxes outlined in solid black contain at least 3 stations and so are likely to be more representative of the grid-box. Higher confidence in the long-term trend is shown by a black dot.
Number of days with maximum temperature above 35 °C per year mapped against proportion of people with higher education, 2013-2014
The map uses a colour gradient to show the percentage of working age population with higher education per NUTS2 region, classified in quantiles, against the highest exposure to high temperatures (top 20 % of number of days with maximum temperature exceeding 35 °C) represented as hatched areas.
Number of fatalities due to extreme temperatures across Europe, 1990-2016
This map presentes the number of people who died as a result of extremely low temperatures and cold weather spells between 1990 and 2016.
Percentage of households unable to keep their home warm in winter and share of population living in a dwelling not comfortably cool in summer
These maps show the percentage of households unable to keep their home warm in winter (2016; left) and the share of population living in a dwelling not comfortably cool during summer (2012; right).
Projections of extreme temperatures as represented by the combined number of hot summer (June-August) days (TMAX>35°C) and tropical nights (TMIN>20°C)
Maps show changes in extreme temperature for two future periods, relative to 1961-1990. Extreme temperatures are represented by the combined number of hot summer (June-August) days (TMAX>35°C) and tropical nights (TMIN>20°C). All projections are the average of 5 Regional Climate Model simulations of the EU-ENSEMBLES project using the IPCC SRES A1B emission scenario for the periods 1961-90, 2021-2050 and 2071-2100 (Fischer and Schär, 2010).
Annual average cooling degree days, 1990-2016, mapped against long-term unemployment (left) and proportion of people >= 75 years old (right), 2013-2014
The left map uses a colour gradient to show the long-term unemployment rate per NUTS2 region, classified in quantiles, against the highest number of cooling degree days as hatched areas (only the top 20 % of regions with the highest number of CDDS are shown). The right map uses a colour gradient to show the percentage of the elderly per NUTS2 region, classified in quantiles, against the highest number of cooling degree days represented as hatched areas (only the top 20 % of CDDs are shown).
Multiple hazards and multiple causes of vulnerability in Europe
The map uses a colour gradient to show the number hazards (left) and number of vulnerability causes (right), for which the NUTS2 region is in the top 20% of exposure in Europe
Mapping the impacts of natural hazards and technological accidents in Europe
The report assesses the occurrence and impacts of disasters and the underlying hazards such as storms, extreme temperature events, forest fires, water scarcity and droughts, floods, snow avalanches, landslides, earthquakes, volcanoes and technological accidents in Europe for the period 1998-2009.