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Achieving energy efficiency through behaviour change: what does it take?
This report provides a review of available literature on measures targeting consumer behaviour in order to achieve energy savings. It focuses on: Energy efficiency measures and behaviour change; structural factors - such as the impact of liberalisation and the energy mix and energy tariff structures; the rebound effect.
Drivers of change of relevance for Europe's environment and sustainability
This report, building on the experience of both the EEA and Eionet, presents a synthesis of global and European megatrends with illustrations of key emerging trends, wild cards and uncertainties. It aims to inform about on‑going, emerging and potential future developments, raise awareness and contribute to the diffusion of anticipatory thinking.
Energy and environment in the European Union - Tracking progress towards integration
Indicator-based report to measure progress of environmental integration within the energy sector.
Electric vehicles in Europe
This report provides a non-technical summary of the latest information on electric road vehicles in Europe, including those with hybrid technologies. It focuses upon electric passenger vehicles, explaining the different types that are now available on the market, how each type works, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Renewable share of total energy consumption
International comparison
Residential energy consumption in the Western Balkans by energy carrier, 2004
Residential energy consumption in the Western Balkans by energy carrier, 2004
Residential final energy consumption per capita in the Western Balkans, 1994–2004
Residential final energy consumption per capita in the Western Balkans, 1994–2004
Share of renewable energy to final energy consumption
The share of renewable energy in final energy consumption in the EU-27
Share of renewable sources in total primary energy consumption in the Western Balkans, 1995–2005
Share of renewable sources in total primary energy consumption in the Western Balkans, 1995–2005
Share of renewables in total energy consumption
International comparison
Transport energy consumption (EEA-32 excluding Iceland and Liechtenstein)
Bar chart showing final energy consumption broken down by different fuel types. Orange line shows total energy consumption for oil derived fuels, dotted red line shows transport target on oil consumption that applies to EU27 (Transport White Paper, 2011).
Total energy intensity, relative energy intensity (as PPS) and per capita consumption
Total energy intensity (index 1995=100), relative energy intensity (as PPS) and per capita consumption
Total renewable energy consumption
International comparison
Breakdown of the energy consumption variation for transport in the EU-27 (1990-2008)
The energy consumption variation of passenger and goods transport is broken down into 2 explanatory effects: activity effect (increase in traffic) and global energy savings (change in specific energy consumption per unit of traffic). Air transport excluded; Activity: impact of increase in traffic; modal shift : decrease in the share of public transport in total traffic; energy savings: measured from the reduction in specific consumption per unit of traffic.
% change in transport final energy consumption per person, 1990-2008
The figure shows the change in transport final energy consumption per person (1990-2008) in %
EU27 net imports of natural gas, oil, solid fuels and the sum of these, by country of origin, as a % of fuel-specific gross inland energy consumption
EU27 net imports of natural gas, oil, solid fuels and the sum of these, by country of origin, as a % of fuel-specific gross inland energy consumption
Total final energy consumption by sector in the EU-27, 1990-2010
Consists of 5 figures that show the total final energy consumption, final energy consumption of petroleum products, final energy consumption of electricity, final energy consumption of natural gas and final energy consumption of solid fuel, all by sector in the EU-27.
Final energy consumption in the industry sectors
The figure shows the development of the final energy consumption in the different industry sectors.
Final energy consumption (million TOE) and per capita final consumption, EU-27
Final energy consumption (million TOE) and per capita final consumption, EU-27. TOE refers to Tonnes of Oil equivalent. Data for Iceland and Liechtenstein was not available from EUROSTAT.
Influence of climate on household energy consumption per dwelling
Influence of climate on household energy consumption per dwelling between 1990 and 2008.
Primary energy consumption by fuel in the EU-27, 1990-2008
Total gross inland energy consumption increased until 2004 in the EU-27It: it was about 10% above its 1990 level in 2004 (average growth of 0.7 % per year). Since 2004, it is has stopped growing: it was stable in 2005 and 2006 and decreased in 2007 and 2008 (by 1% and 0.5% respectively): as a result, the gross inland consumption was in 2008 1.4% below its 2004 level. Total gross inland energy consumption was in 2008 8.3% above its 1990 level.
Share of renewable energy in total gross energy inland consumption (in %)
The table shows the share of renewable energy in total gross energy inland consumption (in %)
Structure of the efficiency of transformation and distribution of energy from primary energy consumption to final energy consumption, EU-27, 2008
How to read the figures: % share of Gross Inland Energy Consumption (100900) for 2000 Solid Fuels, 3000 Crude oil and Petroleum Products, 4000 Gas, 5100 Nuclear Energy, 6000 Imports/exports electricity, 5500 Renewable Energies, 7100 Industrial Wastes. All in ktoe. % share of Gross Inland Energy consumption (100900) for Transformation losses (101000 Transformation input minus 101100 Transformation output), 101400 Distribution losses, 101300 consumption – energy sector, 101600 final non-energy consumption, 101800 final energy consumption – industry, 101900 final energy consumption – transport, 102010 final energy consumption – households, 102030 final energy consumption – agriculture (plus 102035 final energy consumption fisheries), 102035 final energy consumption – services, 102040 final energy consumption – other sectors.
The overall picture of the energy system
This Sankey diagram shows the composition of the primary energy entering the energy system of the EU-28 in 2013, and where this primary energy was used, either as losses or as consumption by specific sectors of the economy. The units are million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe).
Total primary energy consumption by energy source in 2008, EU-27
The figure shows the total primary energy consumption by energy source in 2008. The contribution of renewable energy sources to gross energy inland consumption (GEIC) increased in the EU-27 from 4.4 % in 1990 to 8.4 % in 2008. For the EU-15, the share of renewables in total gross inland consumption accounted for 8.6%, in 2008, falling substantially short of the indicative target set in the White Paper on renewable energy (COM(97) 599 final) of 12 % by 2010