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Share of global exports
Share of world exports evolution (1980 to 2009) for selected export regions or countries
Shift in trade partner
Top five partners in trade of China, the European Union, the United States and Sub-Saharan Africa for 2006 and projections for 2050
Still a large gap between advanced and emerging economies
GDP per capita from 1980 to 2030
The weight of trade
Trend of exports as a percentage of gross domestic product
Schematic representation of limits of circularity in the EU-27, 2019
Economic growth continues, faster in emerging economies
Trend of Gross Domestic Product in selected countries and world regions. Indexed values (index=100 in 2000).
Environmental tax reform in Europe: opportunities for eco-innovation
Environmental policy instruments are frequently characterised as obstacles to economic activity but environmental taxes can, in fact, be the opposite — serving as catalysts for the creativity that underpins thriving economies.
Global megatrend update: 5 Continued economic growth?
In 2010, the EEA produced its first assessment of global megatrends as part of its five-yearly assessment of the European environment’s state, trend and prospects (SOER 2010). In preparation for SOER 2015, the EEA updated each of the megatrends, providing a more detailed analysis based on the latest data. This publication is one of the 11 updates being published separately. In mid-2015 the chapters will be consolidated into a single EEA technical report.
Global megatrend update: 6 From a unipolar to a multipolar world
In 2010, the EEA produced its first assessment of global megatrends as part of its five-yearly assessment of the European environment’s state, trend and prospects (SOER 2010). In preparation for SOER 2015, the EEA updated each of the megatrends, providing a more detailed analysis based on the latest data. This publication is one of the 11 updates being published separately. In mid-2015 the chapters will be consolidated into a single EEA technical report.
Global megatrend update: 1 Diverging global population trends
In 2010, the EEA produced its first assessment of global megatrends as part of its five-yearly assessment of the European environment’s state, trend and prospects (SOER 2010). In preparation for SOER 2015, the EEA updated each of the megatrends, providing a more detailed analysis based on the latest data. This publication is one of the 11 updates being published separately. In mid-2015 the chapters will be consolidated into a single EEA technical report.
Growth without economic growth
Economic growth is closely linked to increases in production, consumption and resource use and has detrimental effects on the natural environment and human health. It is unlikely that a long-lasting, absolute decoupling of economic growth from environmental pressures and impacts can be achieved at the global scale; therefore, societies need to rethink what is meant by growth and progress and their meaning for global sustainability.
Material resources and waste — 2012 update
Update to the European Environment State and Outlook 2010 (SOER 2010) thematic assessment