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Agriculture and environment in EU-15 - the IRENA indicator report
Rural concentration of the ozone indicator AOT40 for vegetation, 2018
Accumulated ozone exposure values for vegetation and crops — over a threshold of 40 parts per billion (AOT40c) — for 2018, as calculated for the fusion maps and as measured at rural background stations.
Trend in crop water deficit of grain maize during the growing season
Annual rate of change of the crop water deficit of grain maize during the growing season for the period 1985-2014 in Europe. The crop water deficit is the difference between the crop-specific water requirement (in this case grain maize) and available water through precipitation. The simulation is based on the JRC-MARS gridded meteorological data at 25 km resolution. Red colours show an increase of the gap between crop water requirement and the available water, blue colours indicate a reduction of the deficit. Areas where the seasonal crop water requirement exceeds regularly (i.e. in more than 90 % of the years) the available water (through precipitation) have been marked by hatches. Areas without hatches experience both deficit and surplus or only a surplus of water in their crop water balance. In this case, red colours refer to a reduced surplus, while blue colours indicate an increasing surplus of available water.
Number of crops and wild relatives species present in the Annexes to the Habitats Directive
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Exposure of European agricultural areas to ozone (AOT40)
The map shows the Ozone AOT40 for crops, reference year 2010
Ozone exposure of agricultural crops in EEA-32 relative to target levels
Projected crop yield changes between the 2080s and the reference period 1961-1990 by two different models
Model calculations using a high emission scenario (IPCC A2) and two different climate models: HadCM3/HIRHAM (left), ECHAM4/RCA3 (right).
Rate of change of crop growing season length 1975-2007
The map shows the rate of change of crop growing season leght
Changing area of farmland
Areas of grass and fodder, food crops and biofuel crops trends for 1980, 2005 and 2030. Forested areas are also added as a comparison.