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Energy and environment report 2008
Observed trend in heating and cooling degree days (1981-2017)
These maps show observed linear trends in heating degree days (left) and cooling degree days (right) over 1981–2017 for all EEA member and cooperating countries. Stippling depicts regions where the trend is statistically significant at the 5% level.
Household energy consumption for cooling per m2 (2010)
The figure shows the energy consumption for cooling per m2 for selected countries
Projected linear trend in heating (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) over the period 1981-2100 under two scenarios
These maps show the trend in heating degree days (left) and cooling degree days (right) from 1981-2100 for all EEA member and cooperating countries, based on the median of an ensemble of 11 EURO-CORDEX simulations.
Decarbonising heating and cooling — a climate imperative
The EU has met its target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020, compared with 1990 levels. However, meeting targets for 2030 and beyond requires a doubling of the annual reduction in greenhouse gas emissions achieved between 2005 and 2020. Heating and cooling account for half of the final EU energy use. With energy used for heating being significant, decarbonising heating is therefore critical. Solutions to save energy and introduce efficient, renewable heating and cooling systems exist and must be rolled out faster. This briefing looks at heating and cooling trends across the EU. It highlights the twin benefits — for climate mitigation and security of supply — of combining energy efficiency and conservation measures with rapidly switching to renewable and waste energy use in heating and cooling.
2.5 Ozone-depleting substances and fluorinated greenhouse gases
ODS are gases that destroy the Earth's protective ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. Over time they were replaced in many applications — e.g., refrigerants — by HFCs, which are a group of potent F-gases. Both ODS and F-gases contribute to global warming. F-gases accounted for 2% of total GHG emissions in the EU in 2023. In order to mitigate climate change, there is an urgent need to reduce GHG emissions and as such, the use of F-gases must be addressed. This briefing captures the frameworks that regulate ODS and F-gases in the EU and internationally. In addition, it highlights how they have been adjusted over time. It also points to areas that need to be addressed legally in order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.
Time series of population-weighted heating and cooling degree days averaged over Europe
Time series of population-weighted heating and cooling degree days averaged over Europe - Cooling degree days (CDD)
Time series of population-weighted heating and cooling degree days averaged over Europe - HDD comparison
Time series of population-weighted heating and cooling degree days averaged over Europe - CDD comparison
Renewable energy in Europe 2017 — Recent growth and knock-on effects
This report provides an overview of progress in renewable energy in Europe, based on official statistics until 2015 and preliminary estimates for 2016.
Renewable energy in Europe 2017: recent growth and knock-on effects
Addressing climate change requires a globally coordinated, long-term response across all economic sectors. The 2015 Paris Agreement provides the framework for limiting global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and for pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Early in this process, the European Union has adopted ambitious and binding climate and energy targets for 2020 and 2030. Member States have set the strategic objective of building an Energy Union, which aims to provide affordable, secure and sustainable energy (European Council, 2014) and which has a forward‑looking climate policy at its core (European Council, 2015). The most recent package of legislative measures, adopted by the European Commission in November 2016, aims to consolidate and match national climate and energy efforts, and facilitate the delivery of the 2030 targets for climate, energy efficiency and renewable energy sources (RES). This report provides information about progress in RES in 2014 at the EU, country, energy market sector and RES technology levels.