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Selected oil and gas reserves
The bars show proved oil and natural gas reserves by country. Only countries with more than 20 billion barrels of oil are shown (top maps). Only countries with more than 3 billion cubic metres are shown (bottom maps).
Selected raw materials: world use and rare earth elements, germanium and tantalum
For the graph: 2006 and projected 2030 world use of neodymium, germanium and tantalum. The technologies responsible for the growth in use of these materials by 2030 are indicated in red. For the map: The bars show estimated reserves of rare earth elements, germanium and tantalum.
World energy demand
Total primary energy demand by fuel type (coal, oil, gas, nuclear, hydroelectric, biomass and waste, other renewable). Distinguishing 2 scenario for 2020 and 2035: IEA-450 scenario and current policies scenario.
Price of fossil fuels and metals
Fuel price index and metals price index evolution from 1980 to 2010
Cost of oil production
Production cost comparison between arctic oil, deep and ultra-deepwater oil, heavy oil and bitumen, conventional oil
Global megatrend update: 7 Intensified global competition for resources
In 2010, the EEA produced its first assessment of global megatrends as part of its five-yearly assessment of the European environment's state, trend and prospects (SOER 2010). In preparation for SOER 2015, the EEA updated each of the megatrends, providing a more detailed analysis based on the latest data. This publication is one of the 11 updates being published separately. In mid-2015 the chapters will be consolidated into a single EEA technical report.