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The contribution of national advisory bodies to climate policy in Europe
Effective action to curb climate change depends on well-defined and efficient governance systems. An increasing number of European countries have been adopting national frameworks to organise their climate actions, often in the form of climate laws. In some cases, these include dedicated advisory bodies to support policy-making. This briefing summarises key findings from research on the landscape of climate advisory bodies in European countries. It highlights the importance of ensuring the work of such bodies is effective by equipping them with a clear mandate, adequate resources and formally integrating them into regular cycles of climate policy-making, planning and progress monitoring.
EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2007
Air quality in Europe — 2013 report
This report presents an overview and analysis of air quality in Europe from 2002 to 2011. It reviews progress towards meeting the requirements of the air quality directives and gives an overview of policies and measures introduced at European level to improve air quality and minimise impacts. An overview of the latest findings and estimates of the effects of air pollution on health and its impacts on ecosystems is also given.
Regional climate change and adaptation — The Alps facing the challenge of changing water resources
Drawing on the most recent knowledge of climate change impacts in the Alps and experiences across the region, this report analyses the risks that climate change presents to the region's water supply and quality, identifying needs, constraints, opportunities, policy levers and options for adaptation. It extracts policy guidance on adaptation practice and aims to assist regional and local stakeholders in developing robust adaptation strategies. The focus of the report is on water resources and related adaptation, rather than water-related extreme events like floods, avalanches, landslides or mudflows, which are already well covered by existing studies of climate change impacts in the Alps.
EEA Briefing 2/2006 - Air quality and ancillary benefits of climate change policies
Better management of municipal waste will reduce greenhouse gas emissions
CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers in 2012
The EEA has collected Member States' data on passenger car registrations, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 (CO2 from cars). All Member States reported information on CO2 emissions and the mass of cars, together with other vehicle characteristics. This data was used to evaluate the performance in 2012 of the new vehicle fleet, and its progress toward meeting the CO2 emissions target.
Consumption and the environment — 2012 update
Update to the European Environment State and Outlook 2010 (SOER 2010) thematic assessment
EEA SIGNALS 2019 - Land and soil in Europe
We cannot live without healthy land and soil. It is on land that we produce most of our food and we build our homes. For all species — animals and plants living on land or water — land is vital. Soil — one of the essential components of land — is a very complex and often undervalued element, teeming with life. Unfortunately, the way we currently use land and soil in Europe and in the world is not sustainable. This has significant impacts on life on land.
Environment and health
Agriculture and environment in EU-15 - the IRENA indicator report
EEA Report 2/2006 - Integration of environment into EU agriculture policy - the IRENA indicator-based assessment report
This report aims to provide a fair reflection of the progress, the achievements and obstacles in the integration of environmental concerns into EU agriculture policy, based on indicators developed in the IRENA operation (see Section 1.3). It also tackles limitations to successful policy implementation at Member State level, and challenges ahead.
10 messages for 2010 - climate change and biodiversity
The variety of life underpins our social and economic wellbeing and will be increasingly an indispensible resource in the battle against climate change. However, our consumption and production patterns are depriving ecosystems of their capacity to withstand climate change and deliver the services we need from them. As we understand more about the ways that climate change is impacting biodiversity, it becomes clear that we cannot tackle the two crises separately. Their interdependence requires us to address them together.
10 messages for 2010 — Mountain ecosystems
European mountain regions provide essential ecosystem services for lowlands and host a great diversity of habitats and species, many adapted to specific extreme climatic conditions. Mountain ecosystems are fragile and vulnerable, and face severe threats from land abandonment, intensifying agriculture, impacts of infrastructure development, unsustainable exploitation and climate change.
Relative gaps between EU Kyoto and burden sharing targets and projections for 2010 including existing and additional measures, use of Kyoto mechanisms (KM) and use of carbon sinks for EU Member States
This graph shows the projected effects of policies, measures, use of Kyoto mechanisms and carbon sinks by EU Member States on GHG emissions by 2010
Relative gaps (over-delivery or shortfall) between greenhouse gas projections based on domestic policies and measures and 2010 targets for EU-15 Member States including the effects of Kyoto mechanisms and net emissions and removals from carbon sinks
Relative gaps for Luxembourg are based on information from 2001
Relative gaps (over-delivery or shortfall) between projections and targets for 2010 for acceding and other EEA countries
Relative gaps (over-delivery or shortfall) between projections and targets for 2010 for new Member States
Relative sums of estimated effect index within Europe’s seas, grouped by ecosystem component, and b) Relative sums of contributions of stressor groups to the total sums of estimated effect index within Europe’s seas.
Remaining gap (over-delivery or shortfall) in absolute terms including the effects of additional policies and measures, Kyoto mechanisms and carbon sinks
Remaining gap projected for 2010 by the new Member States in absolute terms, including the effects of additional policies and measures as well as carbon sinks
Remaining gap projected for 2010 by the new Member States in absolute terms, including the effects of additional policies and measures as well as carbon sinks
Requested sea level rise for an amplification factor of 10 and 100 times
The projected probability increase of a certain extreme sea level is often presented as an amplification factor (AF) that indicates the ratio between the future and historical probability of that extreme sea level (Hermans et al., 2023). The use of these estimates allow one to evaluate the changes of the 1-in-100 years extreme events according to sea level rise projections and provide an estimate of the requested SLR increase to determine a more frequent occurrence, e.g. 1-in-10 year (AF10) or every year (AF100).
Current and projected risk of vibriosis infections in the Baltic Sea region
The left panel shows a risk model map during summer 2006 and the number of cases in countries reporting infections. The right panel shows a projection of the risk of infection in 2050.
Riverine flood damage potential
This map presents riverine flood damage potential for a 100-year return period, current climate and no defences; catchments and sub-catchments of less than 500 km2 are not included
Run-off and snow cover change up until the end of the 21st century in the winter, according to the CLM A1B scenario
Left: relative difference in water available for runoff