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Exposure of Europe's ecosystems to ozone
Ground-level ozone not only adversely affects human health but also crops and ecosystems across Europe. This leads to premature deaths, decreased crop yields and forest growth, and loss of biodiversity. In 2024, 21.5% of Europe’s agricultural lands were exposed to ozone levels above the annual threshold value set for the protection of vegetation in the EU Ambient Air Quality Directive. In addition, the 2050 long-term objective was not met in 79% of agricultural lands.