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Sound and independent information
on the environment

You are here: Home / Publications / Environmental indicator report 2012

Environmental indicator report 2012


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Reliable, relevant, targeted and timely environmental information is an essential element in implementing environmental policy and management processes. Such information can come in many formats — with indicators being a long-established approach to distilling detailed information into trends that are robust and easily understandable by a broad audience.

Published by

  • EEA (European Environment Agency)
  • Published: May 16, 2012

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: 978-92-9213-315-3
: TH-32-12-184-EN-C
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Related content

Figures used

Contributions by sector for emissions of acidifying pollutants (EEA member countries) Contributions by sector for emissions of acidifying pollutants (EEA member countries) The contribution made by different sectors to emissions of acidifying pollutants in 2010.
Emission trends of acidifying pollutants (EEA member countries, EU-27) Emission trends of acidifying pollutants (EEA member countries, EU-27) This chart shows past emission trends of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and ammonia (NH3) in the EEA-32 and EU-27 group of countries. In addition - for the EU-27 - the aggregated Member State 2010 and 2020 emission ceilings for the respective pollutants are shown.
Freight transport volumes and GDP (EEA-32 excluding Liechtenstein) Freight transport volumes and GDP (EEA-32 excluding Liechtenstein) Graph showing change in freight transport volume and GDP versus time, together with the ‘decoupling’ relationship between them
Percentage of urban population resident in areas for days per year with PM10 concentration exceeding daily limit value, 2001-2010 (EU-27) Percentage of urban population resident in areas for days per year with PM10 concentration exceeding daily limit value, 2001-2010 (EU-27) The limit value is 50 µg PM10/m3 (24 hour average, i.e. daily), not to be exceeded more than 35 times a calendar year and to be met by 2005. Over the years 2001-2010 the total population for which exposure estimates are made, increased from 68 to 107 million people due to an increasing number of monitoring stations reporting air quality data under the Exchange of Information Decision. Year-to-year variations in exposure classes are partly caused by the changes in spatial coverage. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Greece and Malta are not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.
Percentage of urban population resident in areas where pollutant concentrations are higher than selected limit/target values, 2001-2010 (EU-27) Percentage of urban population resident in areas where pollutant concentrations are higher than selected limit/target values, 2001-2010 (EU-27) The rationale for selection of pollutant and corresponding limit/target values for CSI 004 is given in the justification for indicator selection. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta, are not included due to the geographical coverage of the Urban Audit.
Development of municipal waste management in the EU-27, 1995–2010 Development of municipal waste management in the EU-27, 1995–2010 -
Waste geneneration by type of waste in the EU‐27, Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Norway and Turkey, 2008 Waste geneneration by type of waste in the EU‐27, Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Norway and Turkey, 2008 The total generation of waste in the EU-27, Croatia, FYR Of Macedonia, Norway and Turkey divided into 7 different categories. The figure shows that nearly two thirds of all waste in 2008 was mineral waste, mainly from mining, quarrying, construction and demolition.
Trends in the use of material resources in EU-15, 1970 to 2010 (top) and EU-12, 1992 to 2010 Trends in the use of material resources in EU-15, 1970 to 2010 (top) and EU-12, 1992 to 2010 Change 2000 to 2009 in EU-15/EU-12: Total DMC (– 9.9/+ 28.4 %); Biomass (– 2.4/+ 5.8 %); Metals (– 35.9/– 22 %); Non-metal minerals (– 13.5/+ 82.4 %); Fossil fuels (– 5.6/– 5.1%). EU-15 includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. EU-12 includes Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.
Development of Ecological Footprint and Available Biocapacity per capita in EEA Member Countries Development of Ecological Footprint and Available Biocapacity per capita in EEA Member Countries The ecological footprint is a measure of the area needed to support a population's lifestyle. This includes the consumption of food, fuel, wood, and fibres. Pollution, such as carbon dioxide emissions, is also counted as part of the footprint. Biocapacity measures how biologically productive land is. It is measured in 'global hectares': a hectare with the world average biocapacity. Biologically productive land includes cropland, pasture, forests and fisheries
Domestic Material Consumption (DMC), split by category, in EU-27, 2009 Domestic Material Consumption (DMC), split by category, in EU-27, 2009 -
Water pricing and household water use between 2000 and 2009/2010 in Spain (left) and Estonia (right) Water pricing and household water use between 2000 and 2009/2010 in Spain (left) and Estonia (right) -
Water abstractions by water use sector in the 1990s and the period 1997–2009 (latest year) Water abstractions by water use sector in the 1990s and the period 1997–2009 (latest year) -
Water exploitation index (based on 2009 or latest available data) Water exploitation index (based on 2009 or latest available data) WEI calculations based on: 2009 for Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia; 2008 for Hungary, the Netherlands, and Spain; 2007 for Sweden, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, and Slovakia; 2006 for England and Wales, and Switzerland; 2005 for Iceland; 2001 for Turkey; 1999 for Austria and Finland; 1998 for Italy and Portugal; 1985 for Norway.
Total fish catches, aquaculture production, consumption, imports and exports for EEA-32 countries and the western Balkans, 1995 to 2009 Total fish catches, aquaculture production, consumption, imports and exports for EEA-32 countries and the western Balkans, 1995 to 2009 Consumption here refers to human consumption only. No consumption data are available for Liechtenstein.
Modelled CO2 emissions as tonne/km for freight transport, 2000 and 2010 Modelled CO2 emissions as tonne/km for freight transport, 2000 and 2010 -
Total and sea freight transport demand in billion tonne‑kilometres, EU-27, 1995 to 2009 Total and sea freight transport demand in billion tonne‑kilometres, EU-27, 1995 to 2009 -
IIn-shore and off-shore Natura 2000 sites, 2011 IIn-shore and off-shore Natura 2000 sites, 2011 A map showing the distribution of marine Natura 2000 sites. The map distinguishes between those marine sites within 12 nautical miles (termed ‘Inshore sites’) and those beyond 12 nautical miles (termed ‘Offshore sites’). It is based upon the ‘end 2011’ Natura 2000 dataset.
Domestic GHG emissions in the EU-15 (*) and the EU‑27, 1990–2010 Domestic GHG emissions in the EU-15 (*) and the EU‑27, 1990–2010 The figure shows the trends in EU greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990/base year
EU emissions of primary PM and of PM and ozone precursor gases not including carbon monoxide, 1990–2009 EU emissions of primary PM and of PM and ozone precursor gases not including carbon monoxide, 1990–2009 -
Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in EU‑27 electricity consumption, 1990–2009 and 2005–2009 Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in EU‑27 electricity consumption, 1990–2009 and 2005–2009 -
European temperatures, 1850–2011 — annual average and 10-year running average European temperatures, 1850–2011 — annual average and 10-year running average The upper graph and left axis show annual anomalies and the lower graph and the right axis show decadal average anomalies for the same datasets. The figure compares three analyses of observations. The black line refers to data from HadCRUT3 from the UK Met Office Hadley Centre and University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit, baseline period 1850–1899 (Brohan et al., 2006). The green line refers to data from GHCN-M version 3.1.0 from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Centre, baseline period 1880–1899 (Smith et al., 2008). The blue line refers to data from GISSTemp from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies, baseline period 1880–1899
Average nitrogen surplus in the years 2000–2004 and 2005–2008 (kg N/ha agricultural land) Average nitrogen surplus in the years 2000–2004 and 2005–2008 (kg N/ha agricultural land) -
Trends in passenger transport demand and GDP (EEA-32 excluding Liechtenstein) Trends in passenger transport demand and GDP (EEA-32 excluding Liechtenstein) The two curves show the development in GDP and passenger transport volumes, while the columns show the level of annual decoupling. Light green indicates greater growth in GDP than in transport while dark green indicates stronger growth in transport than in GDP. The data refer to road, rail and bus modes of transport.
Freight transport volumes and GDP (EEA-32 excluding Liechtenstein) Freight transport volumes and GDP (EEA-32 excluding Liechtenstein) The two curves show the development in GDP and freight transport volumes, while the columns show the level of annual decoupling. Light green indicates faster growth in GDP than in freight transport while dark green indicates stronger growth in freight transport than in GDP. The data refer to road, rail and bus modes of transport. The large change in 2004 is tied to a change in methodology, but no correction figure exists (see metadata for more details).
Contributions by sector for emissions of acidifying pollutants (EEA member countries) Contributions by sector for emissions of acidifying pollutants (EEA member countries) The contribution made by different sectors to emissions of acidifying pollutants
Emission trends of acidifying pollutants (EEA member countries, EU-27) Emission trends of acidifying pollutants (EEA member countries, EU-27) This chart shows past emission trends of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and ammonia (NH3) in the EEA-32 and EU-27 group of countries. In addition - for the EU-27 - the aggregated Member State 2010 emission ceilings for the respective pollutants are shown
Percentage of urban population resident in areas for days per year with PM10 concentration exceeding daily limit value, 1997-2009 (EU-27) Percentage of urban population resident in areas for days per year with PM10 concentration exceeding daily limit value, 1997-2009 (EU-27) The limit value is 50 µg PM10/m3 (24 hour average, i.e. daily), not to be exceeded more than 35 times a calendar year and to be met by 2005. Over the years 1997-2009 the total population for which exposure estimates are made, increased from 25 to 110 million people due to an increasing number of monitoring stations reporting air quality data under the Exchange of Information Decision. Year-to-year variations in exposure classes are partly caused by the changes in spatial coverage. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Greece, Luxembourg and Malta, are not included due to the geographical coverage of the Urban Audit.
Percentage of urban population resident in areas where pollutant concentrations are higher than selected limit/target values, 1997-2009 (EU-27) Percentage of urban population resident in areas where pollutant concentrations are higher than selected limit/target values, 1997-2009 (EU-27) The rationale for selection of pollutant and corresponding limit/target values for CSI 004 is given in the justification for indicator selection. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta, are not included due to the geographical coverage of the Urban Audit.
Direct and indirect global pressures caused by private consumption distributed by consumption (COICOP) category in nine EU countries, 2005 Direct and indirect global pressures caused by private consumption distributed by consumption (COICOP) category in nine EU countries, 2005 This figure identifies the distribution of total global pressures caused by household consumption in 9 EU countries distributed among 12 COICOP consumption categories. The pressures caused by household consumption categories include both direct and indirect pressures. Direct pressures are those released during consumption of goods and services i.e. emissions to air from cars and from burning fuels in households for heating, cooking etc. Indirect pressures caused by consumption comprise all pressures released along the production chains of consumed goods. Includes goods produced domestically and imported goods. 4 environmental pressures are included – greenhouse gas emissions; acidification emissions; tropospheric ozone precursors and material consumption.
Annual diffuse agricultural emissions of nitrogen to freshwater (kg nitrogen per hectare of total land area) Annual diffuse agricultural emissions of nitrogen to freshwater (kg nitrogen per hectare of total land area) The map shows the annual diffuse agricultural emissions of nitrogen to freshwater
Distribution of land take 2000-2006 Distribution of land take 2000-2006 Map shows spatial distribution and intensity of land take for urban and other artificial land (lcf2 Urban residential sprawl + lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures) over particular territory in 2000 - 2006.
Conservation status of marine habitats Conservation status of marine habitats -
Exceedances of critical loads for eutrophication due to the deposition of nutrient N in 2000 and 2010 Exceedances of critical loads for eutrophication due to the deposition of nutrient N in 2000 and 2010 The results were computed using the 2008 Critical Loads database hosted by the Coordination Centre for Effects (CCE).
Conservation status of coastal habitat types of European Union interest in the EU-25 Conservation status of coastal habitat types of European Union interest in the EU-25 Conservation status of habitats per biogeographical area in coastal ecosystems
Conservation status of habitat types of European Union interest in agro-ecosystems in EU-25 Conservation status of habitat types of European Union interest in agro-ecosystems in EU-25 Overall statistics on the right, statistics by region on the left
Annual land take by several types of human activity (2000-2006) Annual land take by several types of human activity (2000-2006) Drivers of urban land development ha/year In some large countries, dates of satellite images for regions may differ by several years
Share of total utilised agricultural area (UAA) occupied by organic farming Share of total utilised agricultural area (UAA) occupied by organic farming Area covers existing organically-farmed areas and areas in process of conversion

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