| 5EAP |
5th Environmental Action
Programme |
| A |
All Länder of Germany |
| ADEME |
Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de
l'energie, France |
| AFNOR |
French standard on the design of vehicles to
optimise their recycling/re-use at end of life |
| AIJ/JI |
Activities implemented jointly/Joint
Implementation |
| AIP |
Associação Industrial Portuguesa, Association
of Portuguese Industries |
| BAU |
Business as Usual |
| BDI |
Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie, Federal
Association of German Industry |
| BDZ |
Bundesverband der Deutschen Ziegelindustrie,
Federal Association of German Cement Industry |
| BGW |
Bundesverband der deutschen Gas- und
Wasserwirtschaft, Federal Association of German Gas and Water
Utilities |
| BMW |
Bayerische Motorenwerke (car manufacturer),
Munich/Germany |
| BOD |
Biological Oxygen Demand |
| CAIMA |
Small Portuguese pulp paper producing
company |
| CEC |
Commission of the European
Communities |
| CEFIC |
European Confederation of Chemical
Industry |
| CELPA |
Sector da Pasta de Papel, Portuguese pulp paper
association |
| CEP |
Company Environmental Plan,
Netherlands |
| CEPA |
Consolidated Environmental Protection Act,
Denmark |
| CFC |
Chlorinated Flour-Carbons |
| CFF |
Compagnie Française de la Feraille, French
Company operating many shredder sites. |
| CGS |
Centre de Gestion Scientifique, Unit in ‘Ecole
de Mines’, Paris/France |
| CIRED |
Centre International de Recherche sur
l’Environnement et le Développement, International Centre for Research
on Environment and Development, France |
| CNPA |
Conseil National des Professions de
l’Automobile, association of car dismantlers, France |
| CO |
Carbon monoxide |
| CO2 |
Carbon dioxide |
| COD |
Chemical Oxygen Demand |
| COP |
Conference of the Parties |
| D |
Germany |
| DCMR |
Association of Provinces,
Netherlands |
| DG |
Directorate General (of the European
Commission) |
| DGA |
Direcção-Geral Do Ambiente, Portuguese
Environment Ministry |
| DGI |
Direcção Geral Da Indústria, Portuguese
Industry Ministry |
| DHS |
Dansk Handel Service, Danish Trade
Service |
| DIW |
Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
(German Institute for Economics Research) |
| DK |
Denmark |
| DOE |
Department of Environment, (here:
Ireland) |
| DRIRE |
Regional environmental regulator,
France |
| DSD |
Duales System Deutschland |
| DSM |
Demand side management |
| EA |
Environmental Agreement |
| EC |
European Commission |
| ECU |
European Currency Unit |
| EEA |
European Environment Agency |
| EEB |
European Environmental Bureau |
| EIONET |
European Environment Information and
Observation Network |
| ELV |
End-of-Life Vehicles |
| EM |
Environmental Management Act,
Netherlands |
| EMAS |
Environmental Management and Auditing
System |
| EMS |
Environmental Management System,
Netherlands |
| en. |
Energy |
| EP |
European Parliament |
| EPA |
Environmental Protection Agency, here: Sweden,
Denmark |
| EPS |
Expanded polystyrene |
| ERM |
Environmental Resource Management, British
Consultant |
| est. |
estimated |
| ETUC |
European Trade Union Confederation |
| EU |
European Union |
| EURELECTRIC |
Grouping of the Electricity Supply
Industry |
| FCCC |
Framework Convention on Climate
Change |
| FEDEREC |
Fédération Française de la Récupération pour la
Gestion Industrielle de l’Environnement et du Recyclage, French
Recovery Federation for Industrial Management of the Environment and
Recycling |
| FGD |
Flue Gas Desulphurisation |
| FO |
Consultative Group for the Chemical Industry,
Netherlands |
| FoE |
Friends of the Earth, environmental NGO, here:
Sweden |
| FR |
France |
| FRF |
French Francs |
| GHG |
Greenhouse gas |
| H2S |
Hydrogen Sulphide |
| HDPE |
High-density polyethylene |
| ICCA |
International Council of Chemicals
Associations |
| IEA |
International Energy Agency,
Paris/France |
| IETP |
Integrated Environmental Target Plan,
Netherlands |
| ifo |
Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Institute
for Economics Research, Munich/Germany |
| IPPC |
Integrated Pollution Prevention
Control |
| ISO |
International Organisation for
Standardisation |
| ITOT |
International Environment Technology Transfer
Centre, Leipzig/Germany |
| KL |
Kommunernres Landsforening, National
Association of Local Authorities, Denmark |
| KPMG |
International Consultant Group |
| LDPE |
Low-density polyethylene |
| MEP |
Member of Parliament |
| MSW |
Municipal Solid Waste |
| MWV |
Mineralölwirtschaftsverband, Oil Refining
Industry, Germany |
| MYA |
Multi-year agreement |
| N |
New Länder, former part of
East-Germany |
| NEPP |
National Environmental Policy Plan,
Netherlands |
| NFP |
National Focal Point (of the EEA) |
| NFR |
Swedish Packaging Council |
| NGO |
Non-Governmental Organisation (here mainly used
for environmental ones) |
| NL |
Netherlands |
| NM3 |
normal cubic meter |
| NOx |
Nitrogen oxides |
| O |
Old Länder, former part of
West-Germany |
| OECD |
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development, Paris |
| P |
Portugal |
| P&P |
Pulp Paper |
| PAH |
Polycyclic (or polynuclear) aromatic
hydrocarbons |
| PARCOM |
Convention for the Prevention of Maritime
Pollution from Land Based Sources (Paris Convention) |
| PCB |
Polychlorobiphenyls |
| PEDIP |
Specific Programme for Development of
Portuguese Industry |
| Perf. |
Performance |
| Pers. Comm. |
Personal Communication |
| PET |
Polyethylene terephthalate |
| PORTARIA |
Portuguese law on water/effluent and air
emissions of pulp paper industry |
| PORTUCEL |
Large Portuguese pulp paper producing
company |
| PP |
Polypropylene |
| prod. |
Production |
| PRTR |
Pollutant Release and Transfer
Register |
| PSA |
French car company with the two constituent
companies Peugeot and Citroën |
| PTE |
Portuguese Escudos |
| PVC |
Polyvinylchlorine |
| PWS |
Priority Waste Streams |
| R&D |
Research and Development |
| red’n |
Reduction |
| Ref. |
Reference |
| REPA |
Reparegistret, Swedish Packaging Collection
Scheme |
| RES |
Renewable Energy Sources |
| RUE |
Rational Use of Energy |
| RWE |
Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektriztitätswerk,
Utility company, Germany |
| RWI |
Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für
Wirtschaftsforschung, Rhine-Westphalian Economics Research Institute,
Germany |
| S |
Sweden/Sulphur |
| SEARN |
Secretarias de Estado do Ambiente e dos
Recursos Naturais |
| SEI |
Secretarias de Estado da Industria |
| SEK |
Swedish Crones |
| SME |
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises |
| SNM |
Stichting Natuur en Milieu, Dutch Environmental
NGO |
| SO2 |
Sulphur dioxide |
| SOPORCEL |
Large Portuguese pulp paper producing
company |
| sp. |
Specific |
| SPMP |
Syndicat des Producteurs de Matières
Plastiques, Association of plastic manufacturers, France |
| STORA |
Medium Portuguese pulp paper producing
company |
| TEU |
Treaty on European Union |
| tot. |
total |
| TSS |
Total Suspended Solids |
| UK |
United Kingdom |
| UNCED |
United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development |
| UNICE |
Union of Industrial and Employers’
Confederation of Europe |
| VA |
Voluntary Agreements |
| VCI |
Verband der Chemischen Industrie, Association
of Chemical Industry, Germany |
| VDEW |
Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitätswerke,
Association of German electricity supply companies |
| VDZ |
Verein Deutscher Zementwerke, Association of
German cement companies |
| VIK |
Verband der Industriellen Energie- und
Kraftwirtschaft, Federation of Industrial Energy Consumer and
Self-Producers, Germany |
| VKU |
Verband kommunaler Unternehmen, Association of
Municipal Enterprises, Germany |
| VNCI |
Dutch Chemical Industries
Associations |
| VNONCW |
Confederation of the Netherlands’ Industry and
Employers |
| VROM |
Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and
the Environment |
| WWT |
Waste Water Treatment |
| yr |
year |
| ZEW |
Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung,
Centre for European Economics Research, Mannheim/Germany |
| ZVEI |
Zentralverband der Elektro-Industrie,
Association of the Household Appliances Industries, Germany |
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