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See all EU institutions and bodiesDespite an overall improving trend, the use of fossil fuels increased in 2022 leading to higher emissions of greenhouse gases across the EU electricity sector than was previously observed in 2021. This led to an increase in the greenhouse gas emission intensity of EU power generation: generating 1 kilowatt hour in 2022 emitted, on average, 6% more CO2 than in 2021, yet still 26% less than a decade ago. While climate mitigation and energy policies have been effective in lowering carbon-intensive energy supply over time, high gas prices and nuclear shutdowns in 2022 resulted in more coal use in the generation mix.
Figure 1. Greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation
Year | Member State | Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity | Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity | Indicative level-high | Indicative level-low |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | EU-27 | 265 | 265 | ||
2030 | EU-27 | 118 | 110 | ||
1990 | Sweden | 10 | |||
1991 | Sweden | 15 | |||
1992 | Sweden | 16 | |||
1993 | Sweden | 18 | |||
1994 | Sweden | 24 | |||
1995 | Sweden | 20 | |||
1996 | Sweden | 47 | |||
1997 | Sweden | 22 | |||
1998 | Sweden | 24 | |||
1999 | Sweden | 19 | |||
2000 | Sweden | 17 | |||
2001 | Sweden | 19 | |||
2002 | Sweden | 26 | |||
2003 | Sweden | 35 | |||
2004 | Sweden | 21 | |||
2005 | Sweden | 17 | |||
2006 | Sweden | 20 | |||
2007 | Sweden | 17 | |||
2008 | Sweden | 17 | |||
2009 | Sweden | 17 | |||
2010 | Sweden | 22 | |||
2011 | Sweden | 16 | |||
2012 | Sweden | 12 | |||
2013 | Sweden | 12 | |||
2014 | Sweden | 11 | |||
2015 | Sweden | 9 | |||
2016 | Sweden | 11 | |||
2017 | Sweden | 11 | |||
2018 | Sweden | 11 | |||
2019 | Sweden | 10 | |||
2020 | Sweden | 8 | |||
2021 | Sweden | 9 | |||
2022 | Sweden | 7 | |||
1990 | Luxembourg | 418 | |||
1991 | Luxembourg | 449 | |||
1992 | Luxembourg | 513 | |||
1993 | Luxembourg | 625 | |||
1994 | Luxembourg | 522 | |||
1995 | Luxembourg | 1058 | |||
1996 | Luxembourg | 1048 | |||
1997 | Luxembourg | 581 | |||
1998 | Luxembourg | 327 | |||
1999 | Luxembourg | 450 | |||
2000 | Luxembourg | 92 | |||
2001 | Luxembourg | 166 | |||
2002 | Luxembourg | 274 | |||
2003 | Luxembourg | 246 | |||
2004 | Luxembourg | 266 | |||
2005 | Luxembourg | 262 | |||
2006 | Luxembourg | 262 | |||
2007 | Luxembourg | 261 | |||
2008 | Luxembourg | 234 | |||
2009 | Luxembourg | 275 | |||
2010 | Luxembourg | 228 | |||
2011 | Luxembourg | 231 | |||
2012 | Luxembourg | 234 | |||
2013 | Luxembourg | 185 | |||
2014 | Luxembourg | 196 | |||
2015 | Luxembourg | 138 | |||
2016 | Luxembourg | 72 | |||
2017 | Luxembourg | 65 | |||
2018 | Luxembourg | 65 | |||
2019 | Luxembourg | 68 | |||
2020 | Luxembourg | 57 | |||
2021 | Luxembourg | 47 | |||
2022 | Luxembourg | 52 | |||
1990 | Finland | 195 | |||
1991 | Finland | 175 | |||
1992 | Finland | 154 | |||
1993 | Finland | 189 | |||
1994 | Finland | 249 | |||
1995 | Finland | 222 | |||
1996 | Finland | 275 | |||
1997 | Finland | 253 | |||
1998 | Finland | 204 | |||
1999 | Finland | 190 | |||
2000 | Finland | 159 | |||
2001 | Finland | 204 | |||
2002 | Finland | 226 | |||
2003 | Finland | 286 | |||
2004 | Finland | 239 | |||
2005 | Finland | 146 | |||
2006 | Finland | 244 | |||
2007 | Finland | 220 | |||
2008 | Finland | 161 | |||
2009 | Finland | 175 | |||
2010 | Finland | 214 | |||
2011 | Finland | 173 | |||
2012 | Finland | 124 | |||
2013 | Finland | 158 | |||
2014 | Finland | 138 | |||
2015 | Finland | 99 | |||
2016 | Finland | 103 | |||
2017 | Finland | 93 | |||
2018 | Finland | 109 | |||
2019 | Finland | 85 | |||
2020 | Finland | 64 | |||
2021 | Finland | 70 | |||
2022 | Finland | 66 | |||
1990 | France | 205 | |||
1991 | France | 172 | |||
1992 | France | 174 | |||
1993 | France | 161 | |||
1994 | France | 148 | |||
1995 | France | 136 | |||
1996 | France | 136 | |||
1997 | France | 133 | |||
1998 | France | 156 | |||
1999 | France | 111 | |||
2000 | France | 72 | |||
2001 | France | 53 | |||
2002 | France | 62 | |||
2003 | France | 68 | |||
2004 | France | 65 | |||
2005 | France | 83 | |||
2006 | France | 85 | |||
2007 | France | 91 | |||
2008 | France | 81 | |||
2009 | France | 79 | |||
2010 | France | 78 | |||
2011 | France | 70 | |||
2012 | France | 77 | |||
2013 | France | 73 | |||
2014 | France | 55 | |||
2015 | France | 58 | |||
2016 | France | 66 | |||
2017 | France | 73 | |||
2018 | France | 59 | |||
2019 | France | 60 | |||
2020 | France | 56 | |||
2021 | France | 56 | |||
2022 | France | 68 | |||
1990 | Latvia | 343 | |||
1991 | Latvia | 293 | |||
1992 | Latvia | 316 | |||
1993 | Latvia | 242 | |||
1994 | Latvia | 180 | |||
1995 | Latvia | 122 | |||
1996 | Latvia | 196 | |||
1997 | Latvia | 124 | |||
1998 | Latvia | 96 | |||
1999 | Latvia | 161 | |||
2000 | Latvia | 117 | |||
2001 | Latvia | 114 | |||
2002 | Latvia | 123 | |||
2003 | Latvia | 130 | |||
2004 | Latvia | 92 | |||
2005 | Latvia | 86 | |||
2006 | Latvia | 109 | |||
2007 | Latvia | 103 | |||
2008 | Latvia | 111 | |||
2009 | Latvia | 97 | |||
2010 | Latvia | 121 | |||
2011 | Latvia | 131 | |||
2012 | Latvia | 90 | |||
2013 | Latvia | 127 | |||
2014 | Latvia | 127 | |||
2015 | Latvia | 146 | |||
2016 | Latvia | 116 | |||
2017 | Latvia | 65 | |||
2018 | Latvia | 138 | |||
2019 | Latvia | 150 | |||
2020 | Latvia | 103 | |||
2021 | Latvia | 97 | |||
2022 | Latvia | 86 | |||
1990 | Austria | 232 | |||
1991 | Austria | 240 | |||
1992 | Austria | 187 | |||
1993 | Austria | 172 | |||
1994 | Austria | 190 | |||
1995 | Austria | 199 | |||
1996 | Austria | 206 | |||
1997 | Austria | 206 | |||
1998 | Austria | 180 | |||
1999 | Austria | 164 | |||
2000 | Austria | 155 | |||
2001 | Austria | 172 | |||
2002 | Austria | 164 | |||
2003 | Austria | 204 | |||
2004 | Austria | 185 | |||
2005 | Austria | 179 | |||
2006 | Austria | 174 | |||
2007 | Austria | 160 | |||
2008 | Austria | 146 | |||
2009 | Austria | 130 | |||
2010 | Austria | 153 | |||
2011 | Austria | 160 | |||
2012 | Austria | 116 | |||
2013 | Austria | 106 | |||
2014 | Austria | 92 | |||
2015 | Austria | 107 | |||
2016 | Austria | 94 | |||
2017 | Austria | 103 | |||
2018 | Austria | 100 | |||
2019 | Austria | 92 | |||
2020 | Austria | 78 | |||
2021 | Austria | 81 | |||
2022 | Austria | 96 | |||
1990 | Denmark | 686 | |||
1991 | Denmark | 707 | |||
1992 | Denmark | 677 | |||
1993 | Denmark | 643 | |||
1994 | Denmark | 643 | |||
1995 | Denmark | 618 | |||
1996 | Denmark | 638 | |||
1997 | Denmark | 587 | |||
1998 | Denmark | 549 | |||
1999 | Denmark | 518 | |||
2000 | Denmark | 487 | |||
2001 | Denmark | 480 | |||
2002 | Denmark | 472 | |||
2003 | Denmark | 497 | |||
2004 | Denmark | 430 | |||
2005 | Denmark | 396 | |||
2006 | Denmark | 481 | |||
2007 | Denmark | 448 | |||
2008 | Denmark | 420 | |||
2009 | Denmark | 418 | |||
2010 | Denmark | 373 | |||
2011 | Denmark | 336 | |||
2012 | Denmark | 284 | |||
2013 | Denmark | 317 | |||
2014 | Denmark | 277 | |||
2015 | Denmark | 198 | |||
2016 | Denmark | 230 | |||
2017 | Denmark | 174 | |||
2018 | Denmark | 187 | |||
2019 | Denmark | 114 | |||
2020 | Denmark | 111 | |||
2021 | Denmark | 122 | |||
2022 | Denmark | 103 | |||
1990 | Slovakia | 468 | |||
1991 | Slovakia | 413 | |||
1992 | Slovakia | 346 | |||
1993 | Slovakia | 331 | |||
1994 | Slovakia | 280 | |||
1995 | Slovakia | 256 | |||
1996 | Slovakia | 253 | |||
1997 | Slovakia | 270 | |||
1998 | Slovakia | 246 | |||
1999 | Slovakia | 220 | |||
2000 | Slovakia | 210 | |||
2001 | Slovakia | 216 | |||
2002 | Slovakia | 203 | |||
2003 | Slovakia | 218 | |||
2004 | Slovakia | 222 | |||
2005 | Slovakia | 194 | |||
2006 | Slovakia | 184 | |||
2007 | Slovakia | 186 | |||
2008 | Slovakia | 189 | |||
2009 | Slovakia | 167 | |||
2010 | Slovakia | 141 | |||
2011 | Slovakia | 152 | |||
2012 | Slovakia | 150 | |||
2013 | Slovakia | 131 | |||
2014 | Slovakia | 118 | |||
2015 | Slovakia | 126 | |||
2016 | Slovakia | 118 | |||
2017 | Slovakia | 113 | |||
2018 | Slovakia | 135 | |||
2019 | Slovakia | 120 | |||
2020 | Slovakia | 104 | |||
2021 | Slovakia | 115 | |||
2022 | Slovakia | 115 | |||
1990 | Croatia | 332 | |||
1991 | Croatia | 199 | |||
1992 | Croatia | 315 | |||
1993 | Croatia | 331 | |||
1994 | Croatia | 222 | |||
1995 | Croatia | 247 | |||
1996 | Croatia | 180 | |||
1997 | Croatia | 280 | |||
1998 | Croatia | 314 | |||
1999 | Croatia | 286 | |||
2000 | Croatia | 282 | |||
2001 | Croatia | 296 | |||
2002 | Croatia | 353 | |||
2003 | Croatia | 380 | |||
2004 | Croatia | 279 | |||
2005 | Croatia | 293 | |||
2006 | Croatia | 304 | |||
2007 | Croatia | 389 | |||
2008 | Croatia | 337 | |||
2009 | Croatia | 263 | |||
2010 | Croatia | 209 | |||
2011 | Croatia | 295 | |||
2012 | Croatia | 280 | |||
2013 | Croatia | 197 | |||
2014 | Croatia | 171 | |||
2015 | Croatia | 202 | |||
2016 | Croatia | 204 | |||
2017 | Croatia | 188 | |||
2018 | Croatia | 130 | |||
2019 | Croatia | 163 | |||
2020 | Croatia | 155 | |||
2021 | Croatia | 134 | |||
2022 | Croatia | 133 | |||
1990 | Belgium | 353 | |||
1991 | Belgium | 356 | |||
1992 | Belgium | 343 | |||
1993 | Belgium | 350 | |||
1994 | Belgium | 359 | |||
1995 | Belgium | 347 | |||
1996 | Belgium | 320 | |||
1997 | Belgium | 291 | |||
1998 | Belgium | 312 | |||
1999 | Belgium | 259 | |||
2000 | Belgium | 267 | |||
2001 | Belgium | 251 | |||
2002 | Belgium | 259 | |||
2003 | Belgium | 260 | |||
2004 | Belgium | 261 | |||
2005 | Belgium | 257 | |||
2006 | Belgium | 247 | |||
2007 | Belgium | 236 | |||
2008 | Belgium | 230 | |||
2009 | Belgium | 211 | |||
2010 | Belgium | 209 | |||
2011 | Belgium | 186 | |||
2012 | Belgium | 199 | |||
2013 | Belgium | 184 | |||
2014 | Belgium | 166 | |||
2015 | Belgium | 220 | |||
2016 | Belgium | 162 | |||
2017 | Belgium | 170 | |||
2018 | Belgium | 199 | |||
2019 | Belgium | 171 | |||
2020 | Belgium | 167 | |||
2021 | Belgium | 139 | |||
2022 | Belgium | 145 | |||
1990 | Portugal | 519 | |||
1991 | Portugal | 526 | |||
1992 | Portugal | 621 | |||
1993 | Portugal | 544 | |||
1994 | Portugal | 506 | |||
1995 | Portugal | 573 | |||
1996 | Portugal | 436 | |||
1997 | Portugal | 466 | |||
1998 | Portugal | 474 | |||
1999 | Portugal | 576 | |||
2000 | Portugal | 483 | |||
2001 | Portugal | 461 | |||
2002 | Portugal | 539 | |||
2003 | Portugal | 439 | |||
2004 | Portugal | 484 | |||
2005 | Portugal | 535 | |||
2006 | Portugal | 450 | |||
2007 | Portugal | 421 | |||
2008 | Portugal | 416 | |||
2009 | Portugal | 392 | |||
2010 | Portugal | 280 | |||
2011 | Portugal | 332 | |||
2012 | Portugal | 397 | |||
2013 | Portugal | 318 | |||
2014 | Portugal | 299 | |||
2015 | Portugal | 364 | |||
2016 | Portugal | 295 | |||
2017 | Portugal | 362 | |||
2018 | Portugal | 309 | |||
2019 | Portugal | 254 | |||
2020 | Portugal | 203 | |||
2021 | Portugal | 170 | |||
2022 | Portugal | 173 | |||
1990 | Lithuania | 182 | |||
1991 | Lithuania | 186 | |||
1992 | Lithuania | 110 | |||
1993 | Lithuania | 86 | |||
1994 | Lithuania | 97 | |||
1995 | Lithuania | 55 | |||
1996 | Lithuania | 91 | |||
1997 | Lithuania | 75 | |||
1998 | Lithuania | 103 | |||
1999 | Lithuania | 110 | |||
2000 | Lithuania | 94 | |||
2001 | Lithuania | 80 | |||
2002 | Lithuania | 66 | |||
2003 | Lithuania | 61 | |||
2004 | Lithuania | 63 | |||
2005 | Lithuania | 98 | |||
2006 | Lithuania | 98 | |||
2007 | Lithuania | 82 | |||
2008 | Lithuania | 76 | |||
2009 | Lithuania | 78 | |||
2010 | Lithuania | 308 | |||
2011 | Lithuania | 240 | |||
2012 | Lithuania | 252 | |||
2013 | Lithuania | 183 | |||
2014 | Lithuania | 178 | |||
2015 | Lithuania | 185 | |||
2016 | Lithuania | 143 | |||
2017 | Lithuania | 84 | |||
2018 | Lithuania | 54 | |||
2019 | Lithuania | 72 | |||
2020 | Lithuania | 164 | |||
2021 | Lithuania | 143 | |||
2022 | Lithuania | 180 | |||
1990 | Hungary | 478 | |||
1991 | Hungary | 481 | |||
1992 | Hungary | 500 | |||
1993 | Hungary | 491 | |||
1994 | Hungary | 470 | |||
1995 | Hungary | 476 | |||
1996 | Hungary | 474 | |||
1997 | Hungary | 471 | |||
1998 | Hungary | 482 | |||
1999 | Hungary | 467 | |||
2000 | Hungary | 446 | |||
2001 | Hungary | 444 | |||
2002 | Hungary | 433 | |||
2003 | Hungary | 479 | |||
2004 | Hungary | 438 | |||
2005 | Hungary | 363 | |||
2006 | Hungary | 365 | |||
2007 | Hungary | 364 | |||
2008 | Hungary | 352 | |||
2009 | Hungary | 310 | |||
2010 | Hungary | 306 | |||
2011 | Hungary | 314 | |||
2012 | Hungary | 319 | |||
2013 | Hungary | 279 | |||
2014 | Hungary | 262 | |||
2015 | Hungary | 261 | |||
2016 | Hungary | 252 | |||
2017 | Hungary | 258 | |||
2018 | Hungary | 250 | |||
2019 | Hungary | 227 | |||
2020 | Hungary | 215 | |||
2021 | Hungary | 188 | |||
2022 | Hungary | 180 | |||
1990 | Spain | 449 | |||
1991 | Spain | 444 | |||
1992 | Spain | 485 | |||
1993 | Spain | 457 | |||
1994 | Spain | 450 | |||
1995 | Spain | 496 | |||
1996 | Spain | 388 | |||
1997 | Spain | 427 | |||
1998 | Spain | 425 | |||
1999 | Spain | 500 | |||
2000 | Spain | 467 | |||
2001 | Spain | 416 | |||
2002 | Spain | 468 | |||
2003 | Spain | 412 | |||
2004 | Spain | 423 | |||
2005 | Spain | 439 | |||
2006 | Spain | 398 | |||
2007 | Spain | 411 | |||
2008 | Spain | 347 | |||
2009 | Spain | 317 | |||
2010 | Spain | 257 | |||
2011 | Spain | 319 | |||
2012 | Spain | 333 | |||
2013 | Spain | 270 | |||
2014 | Spain | 280 | |||
2015 | Spain | 318 | |||
2016 | Spain | 266 | |||
2017 | Spain | 306 | |||
2018 | Spain | 276 | |||
2019 | Spain | 214 | |||
2020 | Spain | 168 | |||
2021 | Spain | 165 | |||
2022 | Spain | 205 | |||
1990 | Slovenia | 478 | |||
1991 | Slovenia | 367 | |||
1992 | Slovenia | 441 | |||
1993 | Slovenia | 435 | |||
1994 | Slovenia | 392 | |||
1995 | Slovenia | 398 | |||
1996 | Slovenia | 360 | |||
1997 | Slovenia | 378 | |||
1998 | Slovenia | 391 | |||
1999 | Slovenia | 344 | |||
2000 | Slovenia | 354 | |||
2001 | Slovenia | 377 | |||
2002 | Slovenia | 393 | |||
2003 | Slovenia | 385 | |||
2004 | Slovenia | 363 | |||
2005 | Slovenia | 362 | |||
2006 | Slovenia | 368 | |||
2007 | Slovenia | 392 | |||
2008 | Slovenia | 343 | |||
2009 | Slovenia | 329 | |||
2010 | Slovenia | 334 | |||
2011 | Slovenia | 343 | |||
2012 | Slovenia | 331 | |||
2013 | Slovenia | 307 | |||
2014 | Slovenia | 218 | |||
2015 | Slovenia | 256 | |||
2016 | Slovenia | 253 | |||
2017 | Slovenia | 255 | |||
2018 | Slovenia | 246 | |||
2019 | Slovenia | 238 | |||
2020 | Slovenia | 220 | |||
2021 | Slovenia | 215 | |||
2022 | Slovenia | 208 | |||
1990 | Romania | 763 | |||
1991 | Romania | 798 | |||
1992 | Romania | 591 | |||
1993 | Romania | 671 | |||
1994 | Romania | 660 | |||
1995 | Romania | 587 | |||
1996 | Romania | 594 | |||
1997 | Romania | 465 | |||
1998 | Romania | 409 | |||
1999 | Romania | 403 | |||
2000 | Romania | 460 | |||
2001 | Romania | 458 | |||
2002 | Romania | 450 | |||
2003 | Romania | 518 | |||
2004 | Romania | 447 | |||
2005 | Romania | 393 | |||
2006 | Romania | 422 | |||
2007 | Romania | 491 | |||
2008 | Romania | 510 | |||
2009 | Romania | 450 | |||
2010 | Romania | 372 | |||
2011 | Romania | 455 | |||
2012 | Romania | 460 | |||
2013 | Romania | 366 | |||
2014 | Romania | 327 | |||
2015 | Romania | 346 | |||
2016 | Romania | 315 | |||
2017 | Romania | 332 | |||
2018 | Romania | 319 | |||
2019 | Romania | 293 | |||
2020 | Romania | 254 | |||
2021 | Romania | 241 | |||
2022 | Romania | 247 | |||
1990 | Italy | 562 | |||
1991 | Italy | 536 | |||
1992 | Italy | 525 | |||
1993 | Italy | 518 | |||
1994 | Italy | 512 | |||
1995 | Italy | 541 | |||
1996 | Italy | 521 | |||
1997 | Italy | 512 | |||
1998 | Italy | 513 | |||
1999 | Italy | 495 | |||
2000 | Italy | 397 | |||
2001 | Italy | 385 | |||
2002 | Italy | 407 | |||
2003 | Italy | 445 | |||
2004 | Italy | 417 | |||
2005 | Italy | 399 | |||
2006 | Italy | 391 | |||
2007 | Italy | 383 | |||
2008 | Italy | 373 | |||
2009 | Italy | 355 | |||
2010 | Italy | 339 | |||
2011 | Italy | 328 | |||
2012 | Italy | 313 | |||
2013 | Italy | 273 | |||
2014 | Italy | 258 | |||
2015 | Italy | 284 | |||
2016 | Italy | 263 | |||
2017 | Italy | 265 | |||
2018 | Italy | 249 | |||
2019 | Italy | 234 | |||
2020 | Italy | 216 | |||
2021 | Italy | 236 | |||
2022 | Italy | 252 | |||
1990 | Ireland | 768 | |||
1991 | Ireland | 767 | |||
1992 | Ireland | 767 | |||
1993 | Ireland | 751 | |||
1994 | Ireland | 740 | |||
1995 | Ireland | 747 | |||
1996 | Ireland | 734 | |||
1997 | Ireland | 738 | |||
1998 | Ireland | 715 | |||
1999 | Ireland | 719 | |||
2000 | Ireland | 674 | |||
2001 | Ireland | 694 | |||
2002 | Ireland | 650 | |||
2003 | Ireland | 618 | |||
2004 | Ireland | 594 | |||
2005 | Ireland | 601 | |||
2006 | Ireland | 552 | |||
2007 | Ireland | 517 | |||
2008 | Ireland | 494 | |||
2009 | Ireland | 474 | |||
2010 | Ireland | 484 | |||
2011 | Ireland | 455 | |||
2012 | Ireland | 487 | |||
2013 | Ireland | 460 | |||
2014 | Ireland | 450 | |||
2015 | Ireland | 436 | |||
2016 | Ireland | 428 | |||
2017 | Ireland | 398 | |||
2018 | Ireland | 352 | |||
2019 | Ireland | 315 | |||
2020 | Ireland | 280 | |||
2021 | Ireland | 332 | |||
2022 | Ireland | 310 | |||
1990 | Netherlands | 602 | |||
1991 | Netherlands | 578 | |||
1992 | Netherlands | 577 | |||
1993 | Netherlands | 571 | |||
1994 | Netherlands | 577 | |||
1995 | Netherlands | 566 | |||
1996 | Netherlands | 539 | |||
1997 | Netherlands | 536 | |||
1998 | Netherlands | 506 | |||
1999 | Netherlands | 501 | |||
2000 | Netherlands | 494 | |||
2001 | Netherlands | 519 | |||
2002 | Netherlands | 511 | |||
2003 | Netherlands | 509 | |||
2004 | Netherlands | 499 | |||
2005 | Netherlands | 486 | |||
2006 | Netherlands | 482 | |||
2007 | Netherlands | 486 | |||
2008 | Netherlands | 480 | |||
2009 | Netherlands | 447 | |||
2010 | Netherlands | 442 | |||
2011 | Netherlands | 429 | |||
2012 | Netherlands | 447 | |||
2013 | Netherlands | 461 | |||
2014 | Netherlands | 496 | |||
2015 | Netherlands | 520 | |||
2016 | Netherlands | 484 | |||
2017 | Netherlands | 458 | |||
2018 | Netherlands | 436 | |||
2019 | Netherlands | 386 | |||
2020 | Netherlands | 329 | |||
2021 | Netherlands | 338 | |||
2022 | Netherlands | 321 | |||
1990 | Malta | 1604 | |||
1991 | Malta | 1131 | |||
1992 | Malta | 1035 | |||
1993 | Malta | 1406 | |||
1994 | Malta | 1178 | |||
1995 | Malta | 978 | |||
1996 | Malta | 996 | |||
1997 | Malta | 959 | |||
1998 | Malta | 954 | |||
1999 | Malta | 925 | |||
2000 | Malta | 838 | |||
2001 | Malta | 1004 | |||
2002 | Malta | 957 | |||
2003 | Malta | 969 | |||
2004 | Malta | 935 | |||
2005 | Malta | 884 | |||
2006 | Malta | 885 | |||
2007 | Malta | 886 | |||
2008 | Malta | 862 | |||
2009 | Malta | 863 | |||
2010 | Malta | 884 | |||
2011 | Malta | 878 | |||
2012 | Malta | 883 | |||
2013 | Malta | 731 | |||
2014 | Malta | 715 | |||
2015 | Malta | 654 | |||
2016 | Malta | 653 | |||
2017 | Malta | 435 | |||
2018 | Malta | 356 | |||
2019 | Malta | 359 | |||
2020 | Malta | 378 | |||
2021 | Malta | 349 | |||
2022 | Malta | 347 | |||
1990 | Germany | 652 | |||
1991 | Germany | 656 | |||
1992 | Germany | 628 | |||
1993 | Germany | 620 | |||
1994 | Germany | 616 | |||
1995 | Germany | 594 | |||
1996 | Germany | 580 | |||
1997 | Germany | 566 | |||
1998 | Germany | 569 | |||
1999 | Germany | 550 | |||
2000 | Germany | 551 | |||
2001 | Germany | 566 | |||
2002 | Germany | 557 | |||
2003 | Germany | 543 | |||
2004 | Germany | 527 | |||
2005 | Germany | 509 | |||
2006 | Germany | 503 | |||
2007 | Germany | 520 | |||
2008 | Germany | 490 | |||
2009 | Germany | 486 | |||
2010 | Germany | 470 | |||
2011 | Germany | 489 | |||
2012 | Germany | 495 | |||
2013 | Germany | 488 | |||
2014 | Germany | 478 | |||
2015 | Germany | 448 | |||
2016 | Germany | 445 | |||
2017 | Germany | 412 | |||
2018 | Germany | 406 | |||
2019 | Germany | 347 | |||
2020 | Germany | 312 | |||
2021 | Germany | 347 | |||
2022 | Germany | 366 | |||
1990 | Czechia | 763 | |||
1991 | Czechia | 760 | |||
1992 | Czechia | 757 | |||
1993 | Czechia | 742 | |||
1994 | Czechia | 757 | |||
1995 | Czechia | 768 | |||
1996 | Czechia | 774 | |||
1997 | Czechia | 722 | |||
1998 | Czechia | 718 | |||
1999 | Czechia | 663 | |||
2000 | Czechia | 678 | |||
2001 | Czechia | 678 | |||
2002 | Czechia | 663 | |||
2003 | Czechia | 595 | |||
2004 | Czechia | 580 | |||
2005 | Czechia | 606 | |||
2006 | Czechia | 604 | |||
2007 | Czechia | 607 | |||
2008 | Czechia | 595 | |||
2009 | Czechia | 567 | |||
2010 | Czechia | 553 | |||
2011 | Czechia | 547 | |||
2012 | Czechia | 507 | |||
2013 | Czechia | 475 | |||
2014 | Czechia | 478 | |||
2015 | Czechia | 490 | |||
2016 | Czechia | 499 | |||
2017 | Czechia | 472 | |||
2018 | Czechia | 463 | |||
2019 | Czechia | 430 | |||
2020 | Czechia | 389 | |||
2021 | Czechia | 395 | |||
2022 | Czechia | 400 | |||
1990 | Greece | 1188 | |||
1991 | Greece | 1131 | |||
1992 | Greece | 1152 | |||
1993 | Greece | 1118 | |||
1994 | Greece | 1100 | |||
1995 | Greece | 1041 | |||
1996 | Greece | 991 | |||
1997 | Greece | 1046 | |||
1998 | Greece | 1034 | |||
1999 | Greece | 978 | |||
2000 | Greece | 974 | |||
2001 | Greece | 983 | |||
2002 | Greece | 955 | |||
2003 | Greece | 914 | |||
2004 | Greece | 920 | |||
2005 | Greece | 915 | |||
2006 | Greece | 853 | |||
2007 | Greece | 879 | |||
2008 | Greece | 869 | |||
2009 | Greece | 854 | |||
2010 | Greece | 875 | |||
2011 | Greece | 883 | |||
2012 | Greece | 869 | |||
2013 | Greece | 807 | |||
2014 | Greece | 845 | |||
2015 | Greece | 739 | |||
2016 | Greece | 621 | |||
2017 | Greece | 657 | |||
2018 | Greece | 654 | |||
2019 | Greece | 606 | |||
2020 | Greece | 453 | |||
2021 | Greece | 397 | |||
2022 | Greece | 416 | |||
1990 | Bulgaria | 559 | |||
1991 | Bulgaria | 540 | |||
1992 | Bulgaria | 630 | |||
1993 | Bulgaria | 696 | |||
1994 | Bulgaria | 607 | |||
1995 | Bulgaria | 569 | |||
1996 | Bulgaria | 541 | |||
1997 | Bulgaria | 551 | |||
1998 | Bulgaria | 565 | |||
1999 | Bulgaria | 516 | |||
2000 | Bulgaria | 485 | |||
2001 | Bulgaria | 532 | |||
2002 | Bulgaria | 491 | |||
2003 | Bulgaria | 541 | |||
2004 | Bulgaria | 543 | |||
2005 | Bulgaria | 497 | |||
2006 | Bulgaria | 485 | |||
2007 | Bulgaria | 608 | |||
2008 | Bulgaria | 572 | |||
2009 | Bulgaria | 532 | |||
2010 | Bulgaria | 533 | |||
2011 | Bulgaria | 586 | |||
2012 | Bulgaria | 528 | |||
2013 | Bulgaria | 485 | |||
2014 | Bulgaria | 478 | |||
2015 | Bulgaria | 487 | |||
2016 | Bulgaria | 467 | |||
2017 | Bulgaria | 499 | |||
2018 | Bulgaria | 426 | |||
2019 | Bulgaria | 426 | |||
2020 | Bulgaria | 354 | |||
2021 | Bulgaria | 398 | |||
2022 | Bulgaria | 422 | |||
1990 | Cyprus | 852 | |||
1991 | Cyprus | 839 | |||
1992 | Cyprus | 839 | |||
1993 | Cyprus | 839 | |||
1994 | Cyprus | 844 | |||
1995 | Cyprus | 834 | |||
1996 | Cyprus | 845 | |||
1997 | Cyprus | 854 | |||
1998 | Cyprus | 855 | |||
1999 | Cyprus | 869 | |||
2000 | Cyprus | 848 | |||
2001 | Cyprus | 786 | |||
2002 | Cyprus | 766 | |||
2003 | Cyprus | 773 | |||
2004 | Cyprus | 781 | |||
2005 | Cyprus | 800 | |||
2006 | Cyprus | 792 | |||
2007 | Cyprus | 795 | |||
2008 | Cyprus | 793 | |||
2009 | Cyprus | 776 | |||
2010 | Cyprus | 735 | |||
2011 | Cyprus | 759 | |||
2012 | Cyprus | 757 | |||
2013 | Cyprus | 666 | |||
2014 | Cyprus | 682 | |||
2015 | Cyprus | 670 | |||
2016 | Cyprus | 679 | |||
2017 | Cyprus | 661 | |||
2018 | Cyprus | 664 | |||
2019 | Cyprus | 642 | |||
2020 | Cyprus | 623 | |||
2021 | Cyprus | 605 | |||
2022 | Cyprus | 589 | |||
1990 | Estonia | 1006 | |||
1991 | Estonia | 978 | |||
1992 | Estonia | 999 | |||
1993 | Estonia | 1005 | |||
1994 | Estonia | 1154 | |||
1995 | Estonia | 1197 | |||
1996 | Estonia | 1214 | |||
1997 | Estonia | 1177 | |||
1998 | Estonia | 1141 | |||
1999 | Estonia | 1135 | |||
2000 | Estonia | 1074 | |||
2001 | Estonia | 1033 | |||
2002 | Estonia | 1015 | |||
2003 | Estonia | 1019 | |||
2004 | Estonia | 1005 | |||
2005 | Estonia | 1001 | |||
2006 | Estonia | 955 | |||
2007 | Estonia | 1015 | |||
2008 | Estonia | 988 | |||
2009 | Estonia | 956 | |||
2010 | Estonia | 956 | |||
2011 | Estonia | 965 | |||
2012 | Estonia | 907 | |||
2013 | Estonia | 953 | |||
2014 | Estonia | 959 | |||
2015 | Estonia | 949 | |||
2016 | Estonia | 912 | |||
2017 | Estonia | 904 | |||
2018 | Estonia | 883 | |||
2019 | Estonia | 730 | |||
2020 | Estonia | 612 | |||
2021 | Estonia | 655 | |||
2022 | Estonia | 658 | |||
1990 | Poland | 1293 | |||
1991 | Poland | 1268 | |||
1992 | Poland | 1296 | |||
1993 | Poland | 1160 | |||
1994 | Poland | 1154 | |||
1995 | Poland | 1003 | |||
1996 | Poland | 970 | |||
1997 | Poland | 961 | |||
1998 | Poland | 937 | |||
1999 | Poland | 924 | |||
2000 | Poland | 916 | |||
2001 | Poland | 905 | |||
2002 | Poland | 900 | |||
2003 | Poland | 906 | |||
2004 | Poland | 905 | |||
2005 | Poland | 890 | |||
2006 | Poland | 904 | |||
2007 | Poland | 892 | |||
2008 | Poland | 878 | |||
2009 | Poland | 856 | |||
2010 | Poland | 849 | |||
2011 | Poland | 851 | |||
2012 | Poland | 829 | |||
2013 | Poland | 827 | |||
2014 | Poland | 815 | |||
2015 | Poland | 790 | |||
2016 | Poland | 772 | |||
2017 | Poland | 762 | |||
2018 | Poland | 769 | |||
2019 | Poland | 730 | |||
2020 | Poland | 696 | |||
2021 | Poland | 709 | |||
2022 | Poland | 666 | |||
1990 | EU-27 | 501 | |||
1991 | EU-27 | 490 | |||
1992 | EU-27 | 478 | |||
1993 | EU-27 | 459 | |||
1994 | EU-27 | 456 | |||
1995 | EU-27 | 445 | |||
1996 | EU-27 | 432 | |||
1997 | EU-27 | 419 | |||
1998 | EU-27 | 420 | |||
1999 | EU-27 | 410 | |||
2000 | EU-27 | 394 | |||
2001 | EU-27 | 388 | |||
2002 | EU-27 | 394 | |||
2003 | EU-27 | 391 | |||
2004 | EU-27 | 380 | |||
2005 | EU-27 | 379 | |||
2006 | EU-27 | 377 | |||
2007 | EU-27 | 385 | |||
2008 | EU-27 | 363 | |||
2009 | EU-27 | 350 | |||
2010 | EU-27 | 335 | |||
2011 | EU-27 | 342 | |||
2012 | EU-27 | 338 | |||
2013 | EU-27 | 322 | |||
2014 | EU-27 | 313 | |||
2015 | EU-27 | 313 | |||
2016 | EU-27 | 303 | |||
2017 | EU-27 | 302 | |||
2018 | EU-27 | 289 | |||
2019 | EU-27 | 255 | |||
2020 | EU-27 | 227 | |||
2021 | EU-27 | 238 | |||
2022 | EU-27 | 251 |
The EU electricity sector is expected to provide one of the most significant contributions to climate mitigation by 2030 and be a cornerstone for the Union to reach net climate neutrality by 2050, according to scenarios. For that to happen, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity of the sector needs to fall drastically this decade.
In 2022, the EU’s electricity sector was 50% less GHG intensive than in 1990, yet 6% more than in 2021, as gas prices reached record levels and triggered an increase of coal generation in some countries. With the energy crisis unfolding, electricity generation fell by 3%, compared with 2021. The 2022 worsening of the GHG emission intensity of the sector occurred against the backdrop of an almost unchanged (0.1%) increase in renewable generation in 2022, as rapid growth of solar and wind resources was counterbalanced by drought-related reductions of hydropower availability. At the same time, electricity generated from coal and oil products increased by 8% and 16%, respectively, while nuclear output fell by 17% due numerous outages in France.
Until 2010, the increased efficiencies of transformation from fossil fuels to electricity played a role in decreasing carbon intensities, spurred also by the need to comply with emission limit values set under industrial emissions legislation, such as the Large Combustion Plants Directive 2001/80/EC. Since 2010, the reduction has been almost exclusively because of the transition from fossil fuels to renewable fuels in electricity generation, with prices for emission allowances under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme increasing in relevance, especially since 2019.
To reduce EU’s net greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 (compared with 1990) and reach carbon neutrality by 2050, electricity generation across the EU needs to decarbonise much faster. Figure 1 visualises indicative intensity levels that would be consistent with the EU’s climate targets. Today’s geopolitical context calls for faster decarbonisation to replace gas and coal in power generation, heating and industry. This would substantially reduce electricity prices and improve energy security. To make that happen, additional policies and measures are needed to save energy and improve resource efficiency, deploy renewable generation capacities faster, provide incentives so that users can participate actively in the electricity market and ensure the optimised and secure use of electricity infrastructures across the European Union.
Figure 2. Greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation
Year | Member State | Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity | Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity | Indicative level-high | Indicative level-low |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | EU-27 | 265 | 265 | ||
2030 | EU-27 | 118 | 110 | ||
1990 | Sweden | 10 | |||
1991 | Sweden | 15 | |||
1992 | Sweden | 16 | |||
1993 | Sweden | 18 | |||
1994 | Sweden | 24 | |||
1995 | Sweden | 20 | |||
1996 | Sweden | 47 | |||
1997 | Sweden | 22 | |||
1998 | Sweden | 24 | |||
1999 | Sweden | 19 | |||
2000 | Sweden | 17 | |||
2001 | Sweden | 19 | |||
2002 | Sweden | 26 | |||
2003 | Sweden | 35 | |||
2004 | Sweden | 21 | |||
2005 | Sweden | 17 | |||
2006 | Sweden | 20 | |||
2007 | Sweden | 17 | |||
2008 | Sweden | 17 | |||
2009 | Sweden | 17 | |||
2010 | Sweden | 22 | |||
2011 | Sweden | 16 | |||
2012 | Sweden | 12 | |||
2013 | Sweden | 12 | |||
2014 | Sweden | 11 | |||
2015 | Sweden | 9 | |||
2016 | Sweden | 11 | |||
2017 | Sweden | 11 | |||
2018 | Sweden | 11 | |||
2019 | Sweden | 10 | |||
2020 | Sweden | 8 | |||
2021 | Sweden | 9 | |||
2022 | Sweden | 7 | |||
1990 | Luxembourg | 418 | |||
1991 | Luxembourg | 449 | |||
1992 | Luxembourg | 513 | |||
1993 | Luxembourg | 625 | |||
1994 | Luxembourg | 522 | |||
1995 | Luxembourg | 1058 | |||
1996 | Luxembourg | 1048 | |||
1997 | Luxembourg | 581 | |||
1998 | Luxembourg | 327 | |||
1999 | Luxembourg | 450 | |||
2000 | Luxembourg | 92 | |||
2001 | Luxembourg | 166 | |||
2002 | Luxembourg | 274 | |||
2003 | Luxembourg | 246 | |||
2004 | Luxembourg | 266 | |||
2005 | Luxembourg | 262 | |||
2006 | Luxembourg | 262 | |||
2007 | Luxembourg | 261 | |||
2008 | Luxembourg | 234 | |||
2009 | Luxembourg | 275 | |||
2010 | Luxembourg | 228 | |||
2011 | Luxembourg | 231 | |||
2012 | Luxembourg | 234 | |||
2013 | Luxembourg | 185 | |||
2014 | Luxembourg | 196 | |||
2015 | Luxembourg | 138 | |||
2016 | Luxembourg | 72 | |||
2017 | Luxembourg | 65 | |||
2018 | Luxembourg | 65 | |||
2019 | Luxembourg | 68 | |||
2020 | Luxembourg | 57 | |||
2021 | Luxembourg | 47 | |||
2022 | Luxembourg | 52 | |||
1990 | Finland | 195 | |||
1991 | Finland | 175 | |||
1992 | Finland | 154 | |||
1993 | Finland | 189 | |||
1994 | Finland | 249 | |||
1995 | Finland | 222 | |||
1996 | Finland | 275 | |||
1997 | Finland | 253 | |||
1998 | Finland | 204 | |||
1999 | Finland | 190 | |||
2000 | Finland | 159 | |||
2001 | Finland | 204 | |||
2002 | Finland | 226 | |||
2003 | Finland | 286 | |||
2004 | Finland | 239 | |||
2005 | Finland | 146 | |||
2006 | Finland | 244 | |||
2007 | Finland | 220 | |||
2008 | Finland | 161 | |||
2009 | Finland | 175 | |||
2010 | Finland | 214 | |||
2011 | Finland | 173 | |||
2012 | Finland | 124 | |||
2013 | Finland | 158 | |||
2014 | Finland | 138 | |||
2015 | Finland | 99 | |||
2016 | Finland | 103 | |||
2017 | Finland | 93 | |||
2018 | Finland | 109 | |||
2019 | Finland | 85 | |||
2020 | Finland | 64 | |||
2021 | Finland | 70 | |||
2022 | Finland | 66 | |||
1990 | France | 205 | |||
1991 | France | 172 | |||
1992 | France | 174 | |||
1993 | France | 161 | |||
1994 | France | 148 | |||
1995 | France | 136 | |||
1996 | France | 136 | |||
1997 | France | 133 | |||
1998 | France | 156 | |||
1999 | France | 111 | |||
2000 | France | 72 | |||
2001 | France | 53 | |||
2002 | France | 62 | |||
2003 | France | 68 | |||
2004 | France | 65 | |||
2005 | France | 83 | |||
2006 | France | 85 | |||
2007 | France | 91 | |||
2008 | France | 81 | |||
2009 | France | 79 | |||
2010 | France | 78 | |||
2011 | France | 70 | |||
2012 | France | 77 | |||
2013 | France | 73 | |||
2014 | France | 55 | |||
2015 | France | 58 | |||
2016 | France | 66 | |||
2017 | France | 73 | |||
2018 | France | 59 | |||
2019 | France | 60 | |||
2020 | France | 56 | |||
2021 | France | 56 | |||
2022 | France | 68 | |||
1990 | Latvia | 343 | |||
1991 | Latvia | 293 | |||
1992 | Latvia | 316 | |||
1993 | Latvia | 242 | |||
1994 | Latvia | 180 | |||
1995 | Latvia | 122 | |||
1996 | Latvia | 196 | |||
1997 | Latvia | 124 | |||
1998 | Latvia | 96 | |||
1999 | Latvia | 161 | |||
2000 | Latvia | 117 | |||
2001 | Latvia | 114 | |||
2002 | Latvia | 123 | |||
2003 | Latvia | 130 | |||
2004 | Latvia | 92 | |||
2005 | Latvia | 86 | |||
2006 | Latvia | 109 | |||
2007 | Latvia | 103 | |||
2008 | Latvia | 111 | |||
2009 | Latvia | 97 | |||
2010 | Latvia | 121 | |||
2011 | Latvia | 131 | |||
2012 | Latvia | 90 | |||
2013 | Latvia | 127 | |||
2014 | Latvia | 127 | |||
2015 | Latvia | 146 | |||
2016 | Latvia | 116 | |||
2017 | Latvia | 65 | |||
2018 | Latvia | 138 | |||
2019 | Latvia | 150 | |||
2020 | Latvia | 103 | |||
2021 | Latvia | 97 | |||
2022 | Latvia | 86 | |||
1990 | Austria | 232 | |||
1991 | Austria | 240 | |||
1992 | Austria | 187 | |||
1993 | Austria | 172 | |||
1994 | Austria | 190 | |||
1995 | Austria | 199 | |||
1996 | Austria | 206 | |||
1997 | Austria | 206 | |||
1998 | Austria | 180 | |||
1999 | Austria | 164 | |||
2000 | Austria | 155 | |||
2001 | Austria | 172 | |||
2002 | Austria | 164 | |||
2003 | Austria | 204 | |||
2004 | Austria | 185 | |||
2005 | Austria | 179 | |||
2006 | Austria | 174 | |||
2007 | Austria | 160 | |||
2008 | Austria | 146 | |||
2009 | Austria | 130 | |||
2010 | Austria | 153 | |||
2011 | Austria | 160 | |||
2012 | Austria | 116 | |||
2013 | Austria | 106 | |||
2014 | Austria | 92 | |||
2015 | Austria | 107 | |||
2016 | Austria | 94 | |||
2017 | Austria | 103 | |||
2018 | Austria | 100 | |||
2019 | Austria | 92 | |||
2020 | Austria | 78 | |||
2021 | Austria | 81 | |||
2022 | Austria | 96 | |||
1990 | Denmark | 686 | |||
1991 | Denmark | 707 | |||
1992 | Denmark | 677 | |||
1993 | Denmark | 643 | |||
1994 | Denmark | 643 | |||
1995 | Denmark | 618 | |||
1996 | Denmark | 638 | |||
1997 | Denmark | 587 | |||
1998 | Denmark | 549 | |||
1999 | Denmark | 518 | |||
2000 | Denmark | 487 | |||
2001 | Denmark | 480 | |||
2002 | Denmark | 472 | |||
2003 | Denmark | 497 | |||
2004 | Denmark | 430 | |||
2005 | Denmark | 396 | |||
2006 | Denmark | 481 | |||
2007 | Denmark | 448 | |||
2008 | Denmark | 420 | |||
2009 | Denmark | 418 | |||
2010 | Denmark | 373 | |||
2011 | Denmark | 336 | |||
2012 | Denmark | 284 | |||
2013 | Denmark | 317 | |||
2014 | Denmark | 277 | |||
2015 | Denmark | 198 | |||
2016 | Denmark | 230 | |||
2017 | Denmark | 174 | |||
2018 | Denmark | 187 | |||
2019 | Denmark | 114 | |||
2020 | Denmark | 111 | |||
2021 | Denmark | 122 | |||
2022 | Denmark | 103 | |||
1990 | Slovakia | 468 | |||
1991 | Slovakia | 413 | |||
1992 | Slovakia | 346 | |||
1993 | Slovakia | 331 | |||
1994 | Slovakia | 280 | |||
1995 | Slovakia | 256 | |||
1996 | Slovakia | 253 | |||
1997 | Slovakia | 270 | |||
1998 | Slovakia | 246 | |||
1999 | Slovakia | 220 | |||
2000 | Slovakia | 210 | |||
2001 | Slovakia | 216 | |||
2002 | Slovakia | 203 | |||
2003 | Slovakia | 218 | |||
2004 | Slovakia | 222 | |||
2005 | Slovakia | 194 | |||
2006 | Slovakia | 184 | |||
2007 | Slovakia | 186 | |||
2008 | Slovakia | 189 | |||
2009 | Slovakia | 167 | |||
2010 | Slovakia | 141 | |||
2011 | Slovakia | 152 | |||
2012 | Slovakia | 150 | |||
2013 | Slovakia | 131 | |||
2014 | Slovakia | 118 | |||
2015 | Slovakia | 126 | |||
2016 | Slovakia | 118 | |||
2017 | Slovakia | 113 | |||
2018 | Slovakia | 135 | |||
2019 | Slovakia | 120 | |||
2020 | Slovakia | 104 | |||
2021 | Slovakia | 115 | |||
2022 | Slovakia | 115 | |||
1990 | Croatia | 332 | |||
1991 | Croatia | 199 | |||
1992 | Croatia | 315 | |||
1993 | Croatia | 331 | |||
1994 | Croatia | 222 | |||
1995 | Croatia | 247 | |||
1996 | Croatia | 180 | |||
1997 | Croatia | 280 | |||
1998 | Croatia | 314 | |||
1999 | Croatia | 286 | |||
2000 | Croatia | 282 | |||
2001 | Croatia | 296 | |||
2002 | Croatia | 353 | |||
2003 | Croatia | 380 | |||
2004 | Croatia | 279 | |||
2005 | Croatia | 293 | |||
2006 | Croatia | 304 | |||
2007 | Croatia | 389 | |||
2008 | Croatia | 337 | |||
2009 | Croatia | 263 | |||
2010 | Croatia | 209 | |||
2011 | Croatia | 295 | |||
2012 | Croatia | 280 | |||
2013 | Croatia | 197 | |||
2014 | Croatia | 171 | |||
2015 | Croatia | 202 | |||
2016 | Croatia | 204 | |||
2017 | Croatia | 188 | |||
2018 | Croatia | 130 | |||
2019 | Croatia | 163 | |||
2020 | Croatia | 155 | |||
2021 | Croatia | 134 | |||
2022 | Croatia | 133 | |||
1990 | Belgium | 353 | |||
1991 | Belgium | 356 | |||
1992 | Belgium | 343 | |||
1993 | Belgium | 350 | |||
1994 | Belgium | 359 | |||
1995 | Belgium | 347 | |||
1996 | Belgium | 320 | |||
1997 | Belgium | 291 | |||
1998 | Belgium | 312 | |||
1999 | Belgium | 259 | |||
2000 | Belgium | 267 | |||
2001 | Belgium | 251 | |||
2002 | Belgium | 259 | |||
2003 | Belgium | 260 | |||
2004 | Belgium | 261 | |||
2005 | Belgium | 257 | |||
2006 | Belgium | 247 | |||
2007 | Belgium | 236 | |||
2008 | Belgium | 230 | |||
2009 | Belgium | 211 | |||
2010 | Belgium | 209 | |||
2011 | Belgium | 186 | |||
2012 | Belgium | 199 | |||
2013 | Belgium | 184 | |||
2014 | Belgium | 166 | |||
2015 | Belgium | 220 | |||
2016 | Belgium | 162 | |||
2017 | Belgium | 170 | |||
2018 | Belgium | 199 | |||
2019 | Belgium | 171 | |||
2020 | Belgium | 167 | |||
2021 | Belgium | 139 | |||
2022 | Belgium | 145 | |||
1990 | Portugal | 519 | |||
1991 | Portugal | 526 | |||
1992 | Portugal | 621 | |||
1993 | Portugal | 544 | |||
1994 | Portugal | 506 | |||
1995 | Portugal | 573 | |||
1996 | Portugal | 436 | |||
1997 | Portugal | 466 | |||
1998 | Portugal | 474 | |||
1999 | Portugal | 576 | |||
2000 | Portugal | 483 | |||
2001 | Portugal | 461 | |||
2002 | Portugal | 539 | |||
2003 | Portugal | 439 | |||
2004 | Portugal | 484 | |||
2005 | Portugal | 535 | |||
2006 | Portugal | 450 | |||
2007 | Portugal | 421 | |||
2008 | Portugal | 416 | |||
2009 | Portugal | 392 | |||
2010 | Portugal | 280 | |||
2011 | Portugal | 332 | |||
2012 | Portugal | 397 | |||
2013 | Portugal | 318 | |||
2014 | Portugal | 299 | |||
2015 | Portugal | 364 | |||
2016 | Portugal | 295 | |||
2017 | Portugal | 362 | |||
2018 | Portugal | 309 | |||
2019 | Portugal | 254 | |||
2020 | Portugal | 203 | |||
2021 | Portugal | 170 | |||
2022 | Portugal | 173 | |||
1990 | Lithuania | 182 | |||
1991 | Lithuania | 186 | |||
1992 | Lithuania | 110 | |||
1993 | Lithuania | 86 | |||
1994 | Lithuania | 97 | |||
1995 | Lithuania | 55 | |||
1996 | Lithuania | 91 | |||
1997 | Lithuania | 75 | |||
1998 | Lithuania | 103 | |||
1999 | Lithuania | 110 | |||
2000 | Lithuania | 94 | |||
2001 | Lithuania | 80 | |||
2002 | Lithuania | 66 | |||
2003 | Lithuania | 61 | |||
2004 | Lithuania | 63 | |||
2005 | Lithuania | 98 | |||
2006 | Lithuania | 98 | |||
2007 | Lithuania | 82 | |||
2008 | Lithuania | 76 | |||
2009 | Lithuania | 78 | |||
2010 | Lithuania | 308 | |||
2011 | Lithuania | 240 | |||
2012 | Lithuania | 252 | |||
2013 | Lithuania | 183 | |||
2014 | Lithuania | 178 | |||
2015 | Lithuania | 185 | |||
2016 | Lithuania | 143 | |||
2017 | Lithuania | 84 | |||
2018 | Lithuania | 54 | |||
2019 | Lithuania | 72 | |||
2020 | Lithuania | 164 | |||
2021 | Lithuania | 143 | |||
2022 | Lithuania | 180 | |||
1990 | Hungary | 478 | |||
1991 | Hungary | 481 | |||
1992 | Hungary | 500 | |||
1993 | Hungary | 491 | |||
1994 | Hungary | 470 | |||
1995 | Hungary | 476 | |||
1996 | Hungary | 474 | |||
1997 | Hungary | 471 | |||
1998 | Hungary | 482 | |||
1999 | Hungary | 467 | |||
2000 | Hungary | 446 | |||
2001 | Hungary | 444 | |||
2002 | Hungary | 433 | |||
2003 | Hungary | 479 | |||
2004 | Hungary | 438 | |||
2005 | Hungary | 363 | |||
2006 | Hungary | 365 | |||
2007 | Hungary | 364 | |||
2008 | Hungary | 352 | |||
2009 | Hungary | 310 | |||
2010 | Hungary | 306 | |||
2011 | Hungary | 314 | |||
2012 | Hungary | 319 | |||
2013 | Hungary | 279 | |||
2014 | Hungary | 262 | |||
2015 | Hungary | 261 | |||
2016 | Hungary | 252 | |||
2017 | Hungary | 258 | |||
2018 | Hungary | 250 | |||
2019 | Hungary | 227 | |||
2020 | Hungary | 215 | |||
2021 | Hungary | 188 | |||
2022 | Hungary | 180 | |||
1990 | Spain | 449 | |||
1991 | Spain | 444 | |||
1992 | Spain | 485 | |||
1993 | Spain | 457 | |||
1994 | Spain | 450 | |||
1995 | Spain | 496 | |||
1996 | Spain | 388 | |||
1997 | Spain | 427 | |||
1998 | Spain | 425 | |||
1999 | Spain | 500 | |||
2000 | Spain | 467 | |||
2001 | Spain | 416 | |||
2002 | Spain | 468 | |||
2003 | Spain | 412 | |||
2004 | Spain | 423 | |||
2005 | Spain | 439 | |||
2006 | Spain | 398 | |||
2007 | Spain | 411 | |||
2008 | Spain | 347 | |||
2009 | Spain | 317 | |||
2010 | Spain | 257 | |||
2011 | Spain | 319 | |||
2012 | Spain | 333 | |||
2013 | Spain | 270 | |||
2014 | Spain | 280 | |||
2015 | Spain | 318 | |||
2016 | Spain | 266 | |||
2017 | Spain | 306 | |||
2018 | Spain | 276 | |||
2019 | Spain | 214 | |||
2020 | Spain | 168 | |||
2021 | Spain | 165 | |||
2022 | Spain | 205 | |||
1990 | Slovenia | 478 | |||
1991 | Slovenia | 367 | |||
1992 | Slovenia | 441 | |||
1993 | Slovenia | 435 | |||
1994 | Slovenia | 392 | |||
1995 | Slovenia | 398 | |||
1996 | Slovenia | 360 | |||
1997 | Slovenia | 378 | |||
1998 | Slovenia | 391 | |||
1999 | Slovenia | 344 | |||
2000 | Slovenia | 354 | |||
2001 | Slovenia | 377 | |||
2002 | Slovenia | 393 | |||
2003 | Slovenia | 385 | |||
2004 | Slovenia | 363 | |||
2005 | Slovenia | 362 | |||
2006 | Slovenia | 368 | |||
2007 | Slovenia | 392 | |||
2008 | Slovenia | 343 | |||
2009 | Slovenia | 329 | |||
2010 | Slovenia | 334 | |||
2011 | Slovenia | 343 | |||
2012 | Slovenia | 331 | |||
2013 | Slovenia | 307 | |||
2014 | Slovenia | 218 | |||
2015 | Slovenia | 256 | |||
2016 | Slovenia | 253 | |||
2017 | Slovenia | 255 | |||
2018 | Slovenia | 246 | |||
2019 | Slovenia | 238 | |||
2020 | Slovenia | 220 | |||
2021 | Slovenia | 215 | |||
2022 | Slovenia | 208 | |||
1990 | Romania | 763 | |||
1991 | Romania | 798 | |||
1992 | Romania | 591 | |||
1993 | Romania | 671 | |||
1994 | Romania | 660 | |||
1995 | Romania | 587 | |||
1996 | Romania | 594 | |||
1997 | Romania | 465 | |||
1998 | Romania | 409 | |||
1999 | Romania | 403 | |||
2000 | Romania | 460 | |||
2001 | Romania | 458 | |||
2002 | Romania | 450 | |||
2003 | Romania | 518 | |||
2004 | Romania | 447 | |||
2005 | Romania | 393 | |||
2006 | Romania | 422 | |||
2007 | Romania | 491 | |||
2008 | Romania | 510 | |||
2009 | Romania | 450 | |||
2010 | Romania | 372 | |||
2011 | Romania | 455 | |||
2012 | Romania | 460 | |||
2013 | Romania | 366 | |||
2014 | Romania | 327 | |||
2015 | Romania | 346 | |||
2016 | Romania | 315 | |||
2017 | Romania | 332 | |||
2018 | Romania | 319 | |||
2019 | Romania | 293 | |||
2020 | Romania | 254 | |||
2021 | Romania | 241 | |||
2022 | Romania | 247 | |||
1990 | Italy | 562 | |||
1991 | Italy | 536 | |||
1992 | Italy | 525 | |||
1993 | Italy | 518 | |||
1994 | Italy | 512 | |||
1995 | Italy | 541 | |||
1996 | Italy | 521 | |||
1997 | Italy | 512 | |||
1998 | Italy | 513 | |||
1999 | Italy | 495 | |||
2000 | Italy | 397 | |||
2001 | Italy | 385 | |||
2002 | Italy | 407 | |||
2003 | Italy | 445 | |||
2004 | Italy | 417 | |||
2005 | Italy | 399 | |||
2006 | Italy | 391 | |||
2007 | Italy | 383 | |||
2008 | Italy | 373 | |||
2009 | Italy | 355 | |||
2010 | Italy | 339 | |||
2011 | Italy | 328 | |||
2012 | Italy | 313 | |||
2013 | Italy | 273 | |||
2014 | Italy | 258 | |||
2015 | Italy | 284 | |||
2016 | Italy | 263 | |||
2017 | Italy | 265 | |||
2018 | Italy | 249 | |||
2019 | Italy | 234 | |||
2020 | Italy | 216 | |||
2021 | Italy | 236 | |||
2022 | Italy | 252 | |||
1990 | Ireland | 768 | |||
1991 | Ireland | 767 | |||
1992 | Ireland | 767 | |||
1993 | Ireland | 751 | |||
1994 | Ireland | 740 | |||
1995 | Ireland | 747 | |||
1996 | Ireland | 734 | |||
1997 | Ireland | 738 | |||
1998 | Ireland | 715 | |||
1999 | Ireland | 719 | |||
2000 | Ireland | 674 | |||
2001 | Ireland | 694 | |||
2002 | Ireland | 650 | |||
2003 | Ireland | 618 | |||
2004 | Ireland | 594 | |||
2005 | Ireland | 601 | |||
2006 | Ireland | 552 | |||
2007 | Ireland | 517 | |||
2008 | Ireland | 494 | |||
2009 | Ireland | 474 | |||
2010 | Ireland | 484 | |||
2011 | Ireland | 455 | |||
2012 | Ireland | 487 | |||
2013 | Ireland | 460 | |||
2014 | Ireland | 450 | |||
2015 | Ireland | 436 | |||
2016 | Ireland | 428 | |||
2017 | Ireland | 398 | |||
2018 | Ireland | 352 | |||
2019 | Ireland | 315 | |||
2020 | Ireland | 280 | |||
2021 | Ireland | 332 | |||
2022 | Ireland | 310 | |||
1990 | Netherlands | 602 | |||
1991 | Netherlands | 578 | |||
1992 | Netherlands | 577 | |||
1993 | Netherlands | 571 | |||
1994 | Netherlands | 577 | |||
1995 | Netherlands | 566 | |||
1996 | Netherlands | 539 | |||
1997 | Netherlands | 536 | |||
1998 | Netherlands | 506 | |||
1999 | Netherlands | 501 | |||
2000 | Netherlands | 494 | |||
2001 | Netherlands | 519 | |||
2002 | Netherlands | 511 | |||
2003 | Netherlands | 509 | |||
2004 | Netherlands | 499 | |||
2005 | Netherlands | 486 | |||
2006 | Netherlands | 482 | |||
2007 | Netherlands | 486 | |||
2008 | Netherlands | 480 | |||
2009 | Netherlands | 447 | |||
2010 | Netherlands | 442 | |||
2011 | Netherlands | 429 | |||
2012 | Netherlands | 447 | |||
2013 | Netherlands | 461 | |||
2014 | Netherlands | 496 | |||
2015 | Netherlands | 520 | |||
2016 | Netherlands | 484 | |||
2017 | Netherlands | 458 | |||
2018 | Netherlands | 436 | |||
2019 | Netherlands | 386 | |||
2020 | Netherlands | 329 | |||
2021 | Netherlands | 338 | |||
2022 | Netherlands | 321 | |||
1990 | Malta | 1604 | |||
1991 | Malta | 1131 | |||
1992 | Malta | 1035 | |||
1993 | Malta | 1406 | |||
1994 | Malta | 1178 | |||
1995 | Malta | 978 | |||
1996 | Malta | 996 | |||
1997 | Malta | 959 | |||
1998 | Malta | 954 | |||
1999 | Malta | 925 | |||
2000 | Malta | 838 | |||
2001 | Malta | 1004 | |||
2002 | Malta | 957 | |||
2003 | Malta | 969 | |||
2004 | Malta | 935 | |||
2005 | Malta | 884 | |||
2006 | Malta | 885 | |||
2007 | Malta | 886 | |||
2008 | Malta | 862 | |||
2009 | Malta | 863 | |||
2010 | Malta | 884 | |||
2011 | Malta | 878 | |||
2012 | Malta | 883 | |||
2013 | Malta | 731 | |||
2014 | Malta | 715 | |||
2015 | Malta | 654 | |||
2016 | Malta | 653 | |||
2017 | Malta | 435 | |||
2018 | Malta | 356 | |||
2019 | Malta | 359 | |||
2020 | Malta | 378 | |||
2021 | Malta | 349 | |||
2022 | Malta | 347 | |||
1990 | Germany | 652 | |||
1991 | Germany | 656 | |||
1992 | Germany | 628 | |||
1993 | Germany | 620 | |||
1994 | Germany | 616 | |||
1995 | Germany | 594 | |||
1996 | Germany | 580 | |||
1997 | Germany | 566 | |||
1998 | Germany | 569 | |||
1999 | Germany | 550 | |||
2000 | Germany | 551 | |||
2001 | Germany | 566 | |||
2002 | Germany | 557 | |||
2003 | Germany | 543 | |||
2004 | Germany | 527 | |||
2005 | Germany | 509 | |||
2006 | Germany | 503 | |||
2007 | Germany | 520 | |||
2008 | Germany | 490 | |||
2009 | Germany | 486 | |||
2010 | Germany | 470 | |||
2011 | Germany | 489 | |||
2012 | Germany | 495 | |||
2013 | Germany | 488 | |||
2014 | Germany | 478 | |||
2015 | Germany | 448 | |||
2016 | Germany | 445 | |||
2017 | Germany | 412 | |||
2018 | Germany | 406 | |||
2019 | Germany | 347 | |||
2020 | Germany | 312 | |||
2021 | Germany | 347 | |||
2022 | Germany | 366 | |||
1990 | Czechia | 763 | |||
1991 | Czechia | 760 | |||
1992 | Czechia | 757 | |||
1993 | Czechia | 742 | |||
1994 | Czechia | 757 | |||
1995 | Czechia | 768 | |||
1996 | Czechia | 774 | |||
1997 | Czechia | 722 | |||
1998 | Czechia | 718 | |||
1999 | Czechia | 663 | |||
2000 | Czechia | 678 | |||
2001 | Czechia | 678 | |||
2002 | Czechia | 663 | |||
2003 | Czechia | 595 | |||
2004 | Czechia | 580 | |||
2005 | Czechia | 606 | |||
2006 | Czechia | 604 | |||
2007 | Czechia | 607 | |||
2008 | Czechia | 595 | |||
2009 | Czechia | 567 | |||
2010 | Czechia | 553 | |||
2011 | Czechia | 547 | |||
2012 | Czechia | 507 | |||
2013 | Czechia | 475 | |||
2014 | Czechia | 478 | |||
2015 | Czechia | 490 | |||
2016 | Czechia | 499 | |||
2017 | Czechia | 472 | |||
2018 | Czechia | 463 | |||
2019 | Czechia | 430 | |||
2020 | Czechia | 389 | |||
2021 | Czechia | 395 | |||
2022 | Czechia | 400 | |||
1990 | Greece | 1188 | |||
1991 | Greece | 1131 | |||
1992 | Greece | 1152 | |||
1993 | Greece | 1118 | |||
1994 | Greece | 1100 | |||
1995 | Greece | 1041 | |||
1996 | Greece | 991 | |||
1997 | Greece | 1046 | |||
1998 | Greece | 1034 | |||
1999 | Greece | 978 | |||
2000 | Greece | 974 | |||
2001 | Greece | 983 | |||
2002 | Greece | 955 | |||
2003 | Greece | 914 | |||
2004 | Greece | 920 | |||
2005 | Greece | 915 | |||
2006 | Greece | 853 | |||
2007 | Greece | 879 | |||
2008 | Greece | 869 | |||
2009 | Greece | 854 | |||
2010 | Greece | 875 | |||
2011 | Greece | 883 | |||
2012 | Greece | 869 | |||
2013 | Greece | 807 | |||
2014 | Greece | 845 | |||
2015 | Greece | 739 | |||
2016 | Greece | 621 | |||
2017 | Greece | 657 | |||
2018 | Greece | 654 | |||
2019 | Greece | 606 | |||
2020 | Greece | 453 | |||
2021 | Greece | 397 | |||
2022 | Greece | 416 | |||
1990 | Bulgaria | 559 | |||
1991 | Bulgaria | 540 | |||
1992 | Bulgaria | 630 | |||
1993 | Bulgaria | 696 | |||
1994 | Bulgaria | 607 | |||
1995 | Bulgaria | 569 | |||
1996 | Bulgaria | 541 | |||
1997 | Bulgaria | 551 | |||
1998 | Bulgaria | 565 | |||
1999 | Bulgaria | 516 | |||
2000 | Bulgaria | 485 | |||
2001 | Bulgaria | 532 | |||
2002 | Bulgaria | 491 | |||
2003 | Bulgaria | 541 | |||
2004 | Bulgaria | 543 | |||
2005 | Bulgaria | 497 | |||
2006 | Bulgaria | 485 | |||
2007 | Bulgaria | 608 | |||
2008 | Bulgaria | 572 | |||
2009 | Bulgaria | 532 | |||
2010 | Bulgaria | 533 | |||
2011 | Bulgaria | 586 | |||
2012 | Bulgaria | 528 | |||
2013 | Bulgaria | 485 | |||
2014 | Bulgaria | 478 | |||
2015 | Bulgaria | 487 | |||
2016 | Bulgaria | 467 | |||
2017 | Bulgaria | 499 | |||
2018 | Bulgaria | 426 | |||
2019 | Bulgaria | 426 | |||
2020 | Bulgaria | 354 | |||
2021 | Bulgaria | 398 | |||
2022 | Bulgaria | 422 | |||
1990 | Cyprus | 852 | |||
1991 | Cyprus | 839 | |||
1992 | Cyprus | 839 | |||
1993 | Cyprus | 839 | |||
1994 | Cyprus | 844 | |||
1995 | Cyprus | 834 | |||
1996 | Cyprus | 845 | |||
1997 | Cyprus | 854 | |||
1998 | Cyprus | 855 | |||
1999 | Cyprus | 869 | |||
2000 | Cyprus | 848 | |||
2001 | Cyprus | 786 | |||
2002 | Cyprus | 766 | |||
2003 | Cyprus | 773 | |||
2004 | Cyprus | 781 | |||
2005 | Cyprus | 800 | |||
2006 | Cyprus | 792 | |||
2007 | Cyprus | 795 | |||
2008 | Cyprus | 793 | |||
2009 | Cyprus | 776 | |||
2010 | Cyprus | 735 | |||
2011 | Cyprus | 759 | |||
2012 | Cyprus | 757 | |||
2013 | Cyprus | 666 | |||
2014 | Cyprus | 682 | |||
2015 | Cyprus | 670 | |||
2016 | Cyprus | 679 | |||
2017 | Cyprus | 661 | |||
2018 | Cyprus | 664 | |||
2019 | Cyprus | 642 | |||
2020 | Cyprus | 623 | |||
2021 | Cyprus | 605 | |||
2022 | Cyprus | 589 | |||
1990 | Estonia | 1006 | |||
1991 | Estonia | 978 | |||
1992 | Estonia | 999 | |||
1993 | Estonia | 1005 | |||
1994 | Estonia | 1154 | |||
1995 | Estonia | 1197 | |||
1996 | Estonia | 1214 | |||
1997 | Estonia | 1177 | |||
1998 | Estonia | 1141 | |||
1999 | Estonia | 1135 | |||
2000 | Estonia | 1074 | |||
2001 | Estonia | 1033 | |||
2002 | Estonia | 1015 | |||
2003 | Estonia | 1019 | |||
2004 | Estonia | 1005 | |||
2005 | Estonia | 1001 | |||
2006 | Estonia | 955 | |||
2007 | Estonia | 1015 | |||
2008 | Estonia | 988 | |||
2009 | Estonia | 956 | |||
2010 | Estonia | 956 | |||
2011 | Estonia | 965 | |||
2012 | Estonia | 907 | |||
2013 | Estonia | 953 | |||
2014 | Estonia | 959 | |||
2015 | Estonia | 949 | |||
2016 | Estonia | 912 | |||
2017 | Estonia | 904 | |||
2018 | Estonia | 883 | |||
2019 | Estonia | 730 | |||
2020 | Estonia | 612 | |||
2021 | Estonia | 655 | |||
2022 | Estonia | 658 | |||
1990 | Poland | 1293 | |||
1991 | Poland | 1268 | |||
1992 | Poland | 1296 | |||
1993 | Poland | 1160 | |||
1994 | Poland | 1154 | |||
1995 | Poland | 1003 | |||
1996 | Poland | 970 | |||
1997 | Poland | 961 | |||
1998 | Poland | 937 | |||
1999 | Poland | 924 | |||
2000 | Poland | 916 | |||
2001 | Poland | 905 | |||
2002 | Poland | 900 | |||
2003 | Poland | 906 | |||
2004 | Poland | 905 | |||
2005 | Poland | 890 | |||
2006 | Poland | 904 | |||
2007 | Poland | 892 | |||
2008 | Poland | 878 | |||
2009 | Poland | 856 | |||
2010 | Poland | 849 | |||
2011 | Poland | 851 | |||
2012 | Poland | 829 | |||
2013 | Poland | 827 | |||
2014 | Poland | 815 | |||
2015 | Poland | 790 | |||
2016 | Poland | 772 | |||
2017 | Poland | 762 | |||
2018 | Poland | 769 | |||
2019 | Poland | 730 | |||
2020 | Poland | 696 | |||
2021 | Poland | 709 | |||
2022 | Poland | 666 | |||
1990 | EU-27 | 501 | |||
1991 | EU-27 | 490 | |||
1992 | EU-27 | 478 | |||
1993 | EU-27 | 459 | |||
1994 | EU-27 | 456 | |||
1995 | EU-27 | 445 | |||
1996 | EU-27 | 432 | |||
1997 | EU-27 | 419 | |||
1998 | EU-27 | 420 | |||
1999 | EU-27 | 410 | |||
2000 | EU-27 | 394 | |||
2001 | EU-27 | 388 | |||
2002 | EU-27 | 394 | |||
2003 | EU-27 | 391 | |||
2004 | EU-27 | 380 | |||
2005 | EU-27 | 379 | |||
2006 | EU-27 | 377 | |||
2007 | EU-27 | 385 | |||
2008 | EU-27 | 363 | |||
2009 | EU-27 | 350 | |||
2010 | EU-27 | 335 | |||
2011 | EU-27 | 342 | |||
2012 | EU-27 | 338 | |||
2013 | EU-27 | 322 | |||
2014 | EU-27 | 313 | |||
2015 | EU-27 | 313 | |||
2016 | EU-27 | 303 | |||
2017 | EU-27 | 302 | |||
2018 | EU-27 | 289 | |||
2019 | EU-27 | 255 | |||
2020 | EU-27 | 227 | |||
2021 | EU-27 | 238 | |||
2022 | EU-27 | 251 |
The GHG intensity of electricity production differs significantly from one Member State to another. In 2022, Poland, Estonia, Cyprus and Bulgaria had the highest electricity generation carbon intensity in the EU. This was the result of using solid fossil fuels, relatively few renewables and limited, or no, nuclear sources in their national electricity mixes. In seven additional Member States, the carbon intensity was higher than the EU average (Czechia, Greece, Malta, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and Italy). The GHG intensities for electricity production were lowest in Sweden, Luxembourg and France, because of their high share of low-carbon electricity sources (nuclear and renewable power).
Regarding national achievements, the highest rates of decarbonisation in electricity production over the 1990-2022 period were recorded in Luxembourg (88% decrease), Denmark (85%), Malta (78%) and Slovakia (76%). In non-EU EEA countries, all electricity produced in Iceland and most produced in Norway comes from renewable sources, and hence, their GHG emission intensities are very low. Türkiye has a relatively high GHG emission intensity of electricity generation.