Data centre overview

This dataset contains the location and administrative data for the largest industrial complexes in Europe, releases and transfers of regulated substances to all media, waste transfers as well as more detailed data on energy input and emissions for large combustion plants. These data are reported to EEA under Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU Commission Implementing Decision 2018/1135 and the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 Commission Implementing Decision 2019/1741. The dataset brings together data formerly reported separately under E-PRTR Regulation Art.7 and under IED Art.72. Additional reporting requirements under the IED are also included.

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Peak and 2100 concentrations of total greenhouse gases in the atmosphere consistent with a 67 % probability of keeping the average global temperature increase below 1.5 °C (left) and 2 °C (right) are shown. The periods within which peak concentrations could be exceeded are shown by purple arrows, based on the trend of the past 10 years in total greenhouse gas concentrations and without allowing for a temperature overshoot (based on IPCC, 2018)

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This dataset contains the location and administrative data for Large Combustion Plants in the Energy Community participating countries, as well as more detailed data on energy input and emissions to air. These data are reported to EEA under the Energy Community Treaty 2006/500/EC. Warning: This dataset is being reviewed by the EEA to ensure consistency. Reporting countries have only recently started to report and it is expected that data quality will increase as experience in reporting consolidates. Countries will be correcting the reported data and updates will be posted accordingly. The metadata document provides further information on this matter.

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Air pollution country fact sheet 2020

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This graph shows the EU contribution to the global phase-down of HFCs under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which introduces limits to the consumption of HFCs, starting in 2019. HFC, hydrofluorocarbon; Mt, million tonnes. HFCs covered under the Montreal Protocol do not include HFC-161. A country’s baseline for the Montreal Protocol HFC phase-down is defined as the average HFC consumption during the period 2011-2013, plus 15 % of the HCFC baseline in 1989, all expressed in million tonnes (Mt) CO2 equivalent. As set out in the Montreal Protocol, the HCFC baseline also includes 2.8 % of 1989 chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) consumption. The geographical scope of presented HFC consumption data is the EU-28 except Croatia for the period 2007-2008 and the EU-28 for the period 2009-2019.

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Ground-level ozone adversely affects not only human health but also vegetation and ecosystems across Europe, leading to decreased crop yields and forest growth, and loss of biodiversity. Much of Europe’s lands are exposed to ozone levels above the threshold and long-term objective values set in the EU’s Ambient Air Quality Directive (AAQD) for the protection of vegetation. For instance, after a 6-year period (2009-2014) of relatively low ozone values, the fraction of arable land exposed to levels above the AAQD threshold increased to 30 % in 2015, falling to 19 % in 2016, before increasing again to 26 % in 2017 and 45 % in 2018.  

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The dots represent measurements stations, where the changes have been estimated using UTD monitoring data and the generalized additive model (GAM). The background shading represents the changes estimated using CAMS chemical transport modelling with an emission inventory estimated for the lockdown conditions.

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The dots represent measurements stations, where the changes have been estimated using UTD monitoring data and the generalized additive model (GAM). The background shading represents the changes estimated using CAMS chemical transport modelling with an emission inventory estimated for the lockdown conditions

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New technology and tools are opening up new possibilities for environmental monitoring and analysis. For example, citizen science, satellite observations, big data and artificial intelligence present opportunities for improving the timeliness, comparability, granularity and integration of data.

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Pollution changes a medium such as air, water or soil in a way that can make it harmful to people or nature. Different types of pollutants include chemicals, dust, noise and radiation. EEA Signals 2020 looks at pollution through different lenses related to the Agency’s work and EU legislation.

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EU legislation has led to improvements in air quality, with the percentage of urban citizens exposed to pollutant levels above standards set to protect human health falling between 2000 and 2018. However, poor air quality remains a problem: in 2018, 34 % of citizens were exposed to O 3 and 15 % to PM 10 above EU limit values. This is mainly due to emissions from transport and buildings, but also from agriculture and industry. Without radical changes to mobility, energy and food systems and industry, it is unlikely that air quality targets will be met in the near future.

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New technology and tools are opening up new possibilities for environmental monitoring and analysis. For example, citizen science, satellite observations, big data and artificial intelligence present opportunities for improving the timeliness, comparability, granularity and integration of data.

Read more

Pollution changes a medium such as air, water or soil in a way that can make it harmful to people or nature. Different types of pollutants include chemicals, dust, noise and radiation. EEA Signals 2020 looks at pollution through different lenses related to the Agency’s work and EU legislation.

Read more

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Ground-level ozone adversely affects not only human health but also vegetation and ecosystems across Europe, leading to decreased crop yields and forest growth, and loss of biodiversity. Much of Europe’s lands are exposed to ozone levels above the threshold and long-term objective values set in the EU’s Ambient Air Quality Directive (AAQD) for the protection of vegetation. For instance, after a 6-year period (2009-2014) of relatively low ozone values, the fraction of arable land exposed to levels above the AAQD threshold increased to 30 % in 2015, falling to 19 % in 2016, before increasing again to 26 % in 2017 and 45 % in 2018.  

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EU legislation has led to improvements in air quality, with the percentage of urban citizens exposed to pollutant levels above standards set to protect human health falling between 2000 and 2018. However, poor air quality remains a problem: in 2018, 34 % of citizens were exposed to O 3 and 15 % to PM 10 above EU limit values. This is mainly due to emissions from transport and buildings, but also from agriculture and industry. Without radical changes to mobility, energy and food systems and industry, it is unlikely that air quality targets will be met in the near future.

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Between 1990 and 2017, the transport sector significantly reduced emissions of the following air pollutants: carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds (both by around 87 %), sulphur oxides (66 %) and nitrogen oxides (40 %). Since 2000, a reduction in particulate matter emissions (44 % for PM 2.5  and 35 % for PM 10 ) has occurred. Emissions from road transport have declined less than was anticipated over the last two decades and continue to decrease (except emissions of sulphur oxides in recent years). In 2017, emissions were lower than in the previous year: emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased by 3 % and those of carbon monoxide by 3.2 %, those of PM 10  and PM 2.5  decreased by 1.4 % and 3.6 %, respectively. Emissions of sulphur oxides   increased by 2.7 % in 2017, compared with 2016, but it is still less than 1 % of what have been emitted in 1990. Emissions of air pollutants have decreased for all transport modes  since 1990, except for shipping, for which nitrogen oxide emissions have increased, and aviation, for which emissions of all pollutants (except non-methane volatile organic compounds) have increased.

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Air pollution country fact sheet 2020

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Air pollution country fact sheet 2020

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The dots represent measurements stations, where the changes have been estimated using UTD monitoring data and the generalized additive model (GAM). The background shading represents the changes estimated using CAMS chemical transport modelling with an emission inventory estimated for the lockdown conditions.

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The dots represent measurements stations, where the changes have been estimated using UTD monitoring data and the generalized additive model (GAM). The background shading represents the changes estimated using CAMS chemical transport modelling with an emission inventory estimated for the lockdown conditions

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The map shows the average percentage change in NO2 pollution levels from NO2 TROPOMI satellite observations during the period 15th March to 30th April, comparing the observations under the COVID-19 lockdown to the business-as-usual scenario, in European agglomerations with more than half a million inhabitants. The gradient boosting regressor machine learning technique was used to simulate a business as usual (BAU) NO2 tropospheric columns satellite observations.

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Peak and 2100 concentrations of total greenhouse gases in the atmosphere consistent with a 67 % probability of keeping the average global temperature increase below 1.5 °C (left) and 2 °C (right) are shown. The periods within which peak concentrations could be exceeded are shown by purple arrows, based on the trend of the past 10 years in total greenhouse gas concentrations and without allowing for a temperature overshoot (based on IPCC, 2018)

Read more

This graph shows the EU contribution to the global phase-down of HFCs under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which introduces limits to the consumption of HFCs, starting in 2019. HFC, hydrofluorocarbon; Mt, million tonnes. HFCs covered under the Montreal Protocol do not include HFC-161. A country’s baseline for the Montreal Protocol HFC phase-down is defined as the average HFC consumption during the period 2011-2013, plus 15 % of the HCFC baseline in 1989, all expressed in million tonnes (Mt) CO2 equivalent. As set out in the Montreal Protocol, the HCFC baseline also includes 2.8 % of 1989 chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) consumption. The geographical scope of presented HFC consumption data is the EU-28 except Croatia for the period 2007-2008 and the EU-28 for the period 2009-2019.

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This graph shows the progress of the HFC phase-down under EU regulation. HFC, hydrofluorocarbon; POM, placing on the market; RACHP, refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump; Mt, million tonnes. Data shown for 2019 are preliminary and subject to further validation by the European Commission. Values from 2007 to 2013 are based on the reporting obligations of the old F-gas Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 and are therefore not fully comparable with data from 2014 onwards (based on the obligations of the new F-gas Regulation (EU) No 517/2014). The geographical scope of presented POM data is the EU-28 except Croatia for the period 2007-2008 and the EU-28 for the period 2009-2019. The maximum quantities of the EU HFC phase-down shown for 2019 onwards are given for the EU-28. EU-27 maximum quantities for 2021 onwards will need to be recalculated for the period after the Brexit transition period.

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