Data centre overview

This country profile summarizes key data related to industry: its relevance with respect to economic contributions, energy and water consumption, as well as air and water emissions and waste generation. Country profiles are also available for EEA 33 member countries and EU-28 member states as a group, see the links below.

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This country profile summarizes key data related to industry: its relevance with respect to economic contributions, energy and water consumption, as well as air and water emissions and waste generation. Country profiles are also available for EEA 33 member countries and EU-28 member states as a group, see the link below.

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The map represents the calculated concentrations of NO2 (annual mean) combining monitoring data at monitoring stations with results from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) chemical transport model and other supplementary data.

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The map represents the calculated concentrations of PM2.5 (annual mean) combining monitoring data at regional and urban background stations with results from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) chemical transport model and other supplementary data.

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Data on emissions of air pollutants submitted to the LRTAP Convention and copied to EEA

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Data on emissions of air pollutants (ammonia (NH3), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and sulphur dioxide (SO2)) reported annually by Member States to the European Commission (with copies to EEA) under Directive 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants.

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The annual EU limit value for nitrogen dioxide — one of the main air quality pollutants of concern, which is typically associated with vehicle emissions — was widely exceeded across Europe in 2017. Some  86 % o f these exceedances were detected at roadside monitoring locations.  The EU limit values for the two categories of particulate matter (PM 10  and PM 2.5 ) were also widely exceeded in 2017. For PM 2.5 , the percentage of exceedances recorded at traffic stations was very similar to that recorded at background stations. For PM 10 , a higher percentage of exceedances was recorded at background stations than at traffic stations. This indicates the importance of other emission sources for these pollutants, such as commercial and institutional buildings, household heating, etc.

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Between 1990 and 2017, the transport sector significantly reduced emissions of the following air pollutants: carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds (both by around 87 %), sulphur oxides (66 %) and nitrogen oxides (40 %). Since 2000, a reduction in particulate matter emissions (44 % for PM 2.5  and 35 % for PM 10 ) has occurred. Emissions from road transport have declined less than was anticipated over the last two decades and continue to decrease (except emissions of sulphur oxides in recent years). In 2017, emissions were lower than in the previous year: emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased by 3 % and those of carbon monoxide by 3.2 %, those of PM 10  and PM 2.5  decreased by 1.4 % and 3.6 %, respectively. Emissions of sulphur oxides   increased by 2.7 % in 2017, compared with 2016, but it is still less than 1 % of what have been emitted in 1990. Emissions of air pollutants have decreased for all transport modes  since 1990, except for shipping, for which nitrogen oxide emissions have increased, and aviation, for which emissions of all pollutants (except non-methane volatile organic compounds) have increased.

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Estimated number of IED installations covered by BAT conclusions

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Key industrial air pollutant and GHG emissions for EEA-33 in 2007 to 2016 by industry sector

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The annual EU limit value for nitrogen dioxide — one of the main air quality pollutants of concern, which is typically associated with vehicle emissions — was widely exceeded across Europe in 2017. Some  86 % o f these exceedances were detected at roadside monitoring locations.  The EU limit values for the two categories of particulate matter (PM 10  and PM 2.5 ) were also widely exceeded in 2017. For PM 2.5 , the percentage of exceedances recorded at traffic stations was very similar to that recorded at background stations. For PM 10 , a higher percentage of exceedances was recorded at background stations than at traffic stations. This indicates the importance of other emission sources for these pollutants, such as commercial and institutional buildings, household heating, etc.

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Between 1990 and 2017, the transport sector significantly reduced emissions of the following air pollutants: carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds (both by around 87 %), sulphur oxides (66 %) and nitrogen oxides (40 %). Since 2000, a reduction in particulate matter emissions (44 % for PM 2.5  and 35 % for PM 10 ) has occurred. Emissions from road transport have declined less than was anticipated over the last two decades and continue to decrease (except emissions of sulphur oxides in recent years). In 2017, emissions were lower than in the previous year: emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased by 3 % and those of carbon monoxide by 3.2 %, those of PM 10  and PM 2.5  decreased by 1.4 % and 3.6 %, respectively. Emissions of sulphur oxides   increased by 2.7 % in 2017, compared with 2016, but it is still less than 1 % of what have been emitted in 1990. Emissions of air pollutants have decreased for all transport modes  since 1990, except for shipping, for which nitrogen oxide emissions have increased, and aviation, for which emissions of all pollutants (except non-methane volatile organic compounds) have increased.

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Exposure of ecosystems to acidification in the EU-28 (critical loads from 43 % in 1980 to 7 % in 2010) and EEA member countries (to 7 %) has been decreasing since 1980s, although in some areas reduction targets, as defined as interim objective in the EU's National Emission Ceilings Directive, have not been met. Exposure to acidification can lead to disturbances in the structure and function of ecosystems. As a result, full ecosystem recovery may take longer time after reaching the targets. Exposure of ecosystems to eutrophication in the EU-28 (critical loads from 84 % in 1990 to 63 % in 2010) and EEA member countries (to 55 %) has been decreasing since 1990. The area in exceedance is projected to further decrease to 58 % in 2020 for the EU-28 (48 % in the EEA member countries), assuming current legislation is implemented. The magnitude of the exceedances is also projected to decline considerably in most areas, except for a few 'hot spot' areas in western France and the border areas between Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands, as well as in northern Italy. Looking ahead, only 4 % of the EU-28 ecosystem area (3 % in EEA member countries) is projected to exceed acidification critical loads in 2020 if current legislation is fully implemented. The eutrophication reduction target set in the updated EU air pollution strategy proposed by the European Commission in late 2013, will be met by 2030 if it is assumed that all maximum technically feasible reduction measures are implemented, but it will not be met by current legislation. For ozone, most of Europe's vegetation and agricultural crops are exposed to ozone levels that exceed the long term objective specified in the EU's Air Quality Directive. A significant fraction is also exposed to levels above the target value threshold defined in the directive. The effect-related concentrations show large year-to-year variations. Over the period 1996-2017, the concentrations observed at rural background stations increased until 2006, after which they decreased. After a 6-year period (2009-2014) of relatively low values, the fraction of agricultural crops exposed to levels above the target value increased again to 30 % in 2015. However, at the low end of the exposure spectrum there was an increase in the area with levels below the long-term objective from 15 % (2014) to 24 % (2017). During the past 5 years, around 50-65 % of the forest area was exposed to ozone concentrations above the critical level set by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) for the protection of forests. 

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This country profile summarizes key data related to industry: its relevance with respect to economic contributions, energy and water consumption, as well as air and water emissions and waste generation. Country profiles are also available for EEA 33 member countries and EU-28 member states as a group, see the links below.

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This country profile summarizes key data related to industry: its relevance with respect to economic contributions, energy and water consumption, as well as air and water emissions and waste generation. Country profiles are also available for EEA 33 member countries and EU-28 member states as a group, see the link below.

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These country profiles summarise key data related to industry: its relevance with respect to economic contributions, energy and water consumption, as well as air and water emissions and waste generation.

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The map represents the calculated concentrations of NO2 (annual mean) combining monitoring data at monitoring stations with results from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) chemical transport model and other supplementary data.

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The map represents the calculated concentrations of PM2.5 (annual mean) combining monitoring data at regional and urban background stations with results from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) chemical transport model and other supplementary data.

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The maps show the number of years of life lost per country attributable to air pollution (PM2.5 left and NO2 right).

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Estimated number of IED installations covered by BAT conclusions

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Key industrial air pollutant and GHG emissions for EEA-33 in 2007 to 2016 by industry sector

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Country comparison Implied emission factors for SO2 emissions from LCPs burning predominantly solid fuel in 2005, 2010 and 2015

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