In che modo gli alimenti che acquistiamo e che eventualmente mangiamo hanno un impatto sull’ambiente?

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Prod-ID: INF-18-it
Pubblicato 12/03/2015 Ultima modifica 22/04/2016
Prima di giungere sulle nostre tavole, il cibo deve essere prodotto, trattato, confezionato, trasportato e distribuito. Ognuna di queste fasi utilizza delle risorse e produce in aggiunta rifiuti e inquinamento.

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Total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission trends and projections In 2012 EU GHG emissions decresed by 19.2 % since 1990.  Compared to 2011 GHG decreased in the majority of key sectors, with the exception of public electricity and heat production and residential and commercial. Almost all EU Member States are well on track towards achieving its commitments under the first period of the Kyoto Protocol. EU-15 average emissions between 2008 and 2012 were 11.8 % below base-year levels. In the EU, average emissions covered by the EU emission trading system (ETS) between 2008 and 2012 were 11 % below 2005 levels.  In all EU Member States except Luxembourg and Poland, emissions under the ESD (not covered by the EU ETS) were below their 2013 target in 2012.
Ammonia (NH3) emissions EEA-33 emissions of NH 3  have declined by 25% between the years 1990 and 2011. Agriculture was responsible for 94% of NH 3  emissions in 2011. The reduction in emissions within the agricultural sector is primarily due to a reduction in livestock numbers (especially cattle) since 1990, changes in the handling and management of organic manures and from the decreased use of nitrogenous fertilisers. The reductions achieved in the agricultural sector have been marginally offset by the increase in annual emissions over this period in the road-transport sector, and to a lesser extent, the 'Solvent and product use' and 'Non-road transport' sectors. All but three of the EU-28 Member States reported 2011 national NH 3  emissions that meet the continuing obligation to stay below the 2010 emission ceilings set in the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) [1] . Emissions in 2011 for one of the three non-EU countries having emission ceilings set under the UNECE/CLRTAP Gothenburg protocol (Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) were also below the level of the respective 2010 ceilings. In 2010 emissions of NH 3  in Denmark and Germany were slightly (less than 1%) above their ceiling; in Denmark these have now reduced below their ceiling, however, in Germany they have risen a further 2%. Environmental context: NH 3  contributes to acid deposition and eutrophication. The subsequent impacts of acid deposition can be significant, including adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems in rivers and lakes, and damage to forests, crops and other vegetation. Eutrophication can lead to severe reductions in water quality with subsequent impacts including decreased biodiversity, changes in species composition and dominance, and toxicity effects. NH 3  also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate aerosols, an important air pollutant due to its adverse impacts on human health. [1]  Emissions data reported by EU Member States under NECD is used for comparison with NECD ceilings, and data reported under CLRTAP is used for all other calculations unless otherwise stated.

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Freshwater quality — SOER 2010 thematic assessment The continuing presence of a range of pollutants in a number of Europe's freshwaters threatens aquatic ecosystems and raises concerns for public health. Current reporting under the EU Water Framework Directive shows that a substantial proportion of Europe's freshwaters are at risk of not achieving the aim of 'good status' by 2015. Driven by the EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD), improvements in the collection and treatment of wastewater in some regions of Europe have led to a reduction in the discharge of some pollutants to fresh and coastal waters. Challenges remain, however, because UWWTD implementation remains incomplete and other significant sources of water pollution exist, especially agriculture and urban storm flows. The implementation of effective and timely measures, required under the WFD, needs to encompass a greater focus on controls 'at source' and the efficient use of resources including water, energy and chemicals.

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